buy custom Is Robert Frost a Modernist essay

buy custom Is Robert Frost a Modernist essay As a popular figure literature, Robert Frost is considered to be one of the leading poets in the early twentieth century. His works are distinguished from those of his contemporaries; his works depict the structure and forms of the nineteenth-century literature while revealing the themes and concepts of the modern world. This fact therefore evokes different opinions in considering him to be a modernist. According to Vicky Mahaffey, modernist writing is characterized by willful obscurity and shot through with nostalgia for a rapidly waning elite culture a nostalgia mired in the ugly politics of the time (3). The concept of nostalgia is always present in Frosts poems; many of them reveal the solitary characteristics of his own life. The theme of his poems revolves around his quest, a solitary mans quest, of making sense of the world around him. His famous poem The Road Not Taken, taken as an example, developed the nostalgic sentiment in the word sigh. In the poem, the narrator had to choose between two paths, and he did not know where both roads would bring him. The narrator told with a sigh, he has taken the one less traveled by, which brought him to the current situation. This abstract therefore clearly shows that the character is experiencing nostalgia, although it is hard to say whether it is regret or relief since Frost did not provide any indication of either. The sigh of the character in the poem also provokes floating thoughts from the reader. He makes the reader experience the nostalgic feeling and conclude whether the narrator was able to choose the better path or not. The author finished the poem with this unresolved question, thus strengthening the nostalgic experience. Such nostalgic experience is also perceptible in his poem Birches. The narrator dream[ed] of going back to be [a swinger of birches]once more. In his childhood he used to climb a tree swinging to the ground. In the poem, the narrator recounts his childhood experiencing nostalgia likewise the reader who also experiences the same nostalgic emotion of the narrator as he/she usually reads the poem. Frost was able to reinforce the nostalgic experience of the reader by rendering it profusely in the mood he set for his poem. Obscurity is also present in Frosts poems Some of his works that illustrate obscurity are Greece, Locked Out, and the unpublished War Thoughts at Home. Vicky Mahaffey, furthermore, characterized modernist literature as one that offer[s] a more comprehensive experience rather than a mere narrative slice (5). She continued to say that what was used to be dismissed as insignificant details emerged through synecdoche as essential indices to the richness of a complex, dynamic, sensual whole (Mahaffey 5). She said that in order to experience modernist art, we must either watch the action from several different windows in succession, or else leave the window altogether to enter the human melee on the street, observing what we find there on the same level as everyone else (Mahaffey 5). Robert Frosts poems are largely known of this characteristic. Amy Lowell wrote that he has reproduced both people and scenery with a vividness which is extraordinary (81). In all of his poems, the reader can have a concrete picture of the setting and the incidents, and from rich description, the author takes the reader to the world he is describing. He employed ordinary and insignificant details to enhance the accuracy of the presented event, and this made him stand out from his contemporaries. Robert Frost used synecdoche in his works. The journey implied in his poems The Road Not Taken and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening represents the journey that each of us takes in the life. Moreover, he also used juxtaposition, irony, and satire that characterize modern literature as well. Juxtaposition is evident in his poem Mending Wall when comparing mending wall and not having walls. Irony is also depicted in The Road Not Taken when the narrator sigh[s] when remembering the choice he made. In Birches, the narrator presented irony when he wished to get away from earth which may not be granted soon. The vividness of his descriptions compelled Ezra Pound to say, I know more of farm life than I did before I had read his poems. That means I know more of 'Life (384). His statement only confirms of the unusual ability of Robert Frost to portray real life and real settings in his poems. Vicky Mahaffey also mentioned that modernist literature refuse[ed] to provide readers with clear interpretive cues, prompting their audience to remain responsible for the interpretations they construct. (66). Although Robert Froost used simple language and ordinary images and symbols, his works had deep and underlying meanings. The significance of the usual themes he revealed in his poems extended beyond its revealed meaning. Robert Frosts poem The Road Not Taken, which he characterized as a tricky poem, does not give the reader any resolution of the choice the narrator made. He gives the reader a plain statement that has made all the difference but does not give an indication whether the difference is for better or for worse. In his poem Mending Wall, Frost also used the same approach. He presented side by side the two different aspects of having walls and not. He gave the reader the rationale of both actions but left them to draw their own conclusions. He opened that poem with the line Something there is that doesn't love a wall and closed it with another statement which opposed the first: Good fences make good neighbors. Not a line in the body leaves an indication which of the two weighs heavier. He richly described the illustration and was able to give the reader a concrete image of both ideas in the poem therefore giving a fair understanding of both matters but left the reader to make his own choice. These few characteristics of modernist literature discussed above and portrayed in Frosts works only attests that his works may be classified as modernist writing. Moreover, his poetry represents the modern life of the modern man which he has integrated in symbolical terms. Most of his characters deal with frustration, sadness, regret, alienation, tiredness, and the likes which are reflective of the way of life of the people of his present time. This strongly proves that his works, in spite of traditional way of writing, focuses on the present life, the modern themes, the modern world, and the modern man, hence characterizing the modern literature. Although he describes nature in his poems, he comments on the modern mans nostalgia for going away from nature. It may be concluded, therefore, that Robert Frosts conception refered to modernist poetry. Although he employed some techniques of traditional poetry, his ideals and themes were from the modern world, and moreover, these traditional techniques were mere shadows because they were also transformed in some ways. Though he used rhymes, he used it irregularly; he did not conform to the strict meter, form, and ideals of traditional literature. Buy custom Is Robert Frost a Modernist essay

Anemia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Anemia - Essay Example There are numerous types of anemia, and each one is caused by different reason. The most common type is iron deficiency anaemia. This is caused when your body is deficient of iron which is necessary to keep the red blood cells functioning properly. Haemoglobin's key component is iron, which helps the red blood cells carry and store oxygen. If there is not enough iron present then the red blood cells will carry less oxygen to the different organs and tissues of the body1. Blood need to be monitored once in month after the patient is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. It is done to check whether the body is responding to the treatment, and some condition rarely may cause serious implications. After your iron level is back to normal the anemia has to be monitored at home. Only few symptoms of the illness are obvious in people who have iron deficiency anemia. The symptom's severity depends on how quickly the anemia develops. Most common symptoms are exhaustion, tiredness, shortness of breath (dyspnoea), and palpitations (irregular heart beat)2. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the body is suffering from the iron insufficiency. The general physician can easily diagnose the iron deficiency anemia through a blood test. ... Lower reading indicates that you have anemia which also means that there is a deficiency of red blood cells.3 Other types of anemia can cause by a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate (folic acid salt) in the body. Vitamin B12 also helps the body to produce red blood cells, it keep the nervous system healthy. Folate which is a folic acid salt works with vitamin B12 which produce red blood cells and it is very important for women who are pregnant, which helps in the growth and development of the baby. Eggs, dairy products and meat contain vitamin B12. Folate best sources are green vegetables like broccoli, peas, chickpeas and brown rice. A vitamin B12 deficiency is not common younger people, but it is most common in those people who are over the age of 75. Folate deficiency is also most general in people above 75 years of age. An anaemic person follows strict vegetarian diets who tend to be more at risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 anemia has the following general symptoms, which can tell that whether the patient is suffering from it. These symptoms include: fatigue, breathlessness (dyspnoea), and dizziness, irregular heart beats (palpitations), headache and loss of hunger. Usually the body stores enough vitamin B12 that last approximately for 2-4 years. However, it is very important that level of vitamin B12 is maintained in your diet which will ensure that is store of the vitamin is kept at a healthy level4. Patients suffering form any type of anemia he should take antioxidants, Copper (if deficient), Folic acid, Iron (when iron deficiency is diagnosed), L-carnitine, Magnesium, Taurine (if deficient in

Why Should you learn another language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why Should you learn another language - Essay Example Today English is the official language in a large number of countries, an estimated number of people in the world that use English in communication or a regular base is 2 billion, so by studying English one become part of this diverse large population that uses English in their day today activities and communicate with citizens of most of countries in the globe, without any confusion in expressing our feeling and thinking (Halliday pp 38). Worldwide business are conducted in English, with the advent of outsourcing, bilingualism is used as a useful skill this makes the scope for employment much wider for those who speak English in foreign countries. successful functionality in international business require communication with other people through email, memos and reports which should be written in English hence the need to understand and express thoughts and ideas in English. The other importance of language is that it create a greater opportunity for a job moreover, with an enough amount of knowledge In English, the possibility of promotion in position is ever higher (Halliday, pp 38). In education research and academics there is an existence of over 2000 universities and colleges this implies that above 400 billion dollars are spent every year on research, by taking the example of US alone it offers an incredible array of opportunities to those who are able to function in an English only environment. English knowledge opens doors for study abroad and have access to more variety of educational courses, this equip one with the desired skills and knowledge that makes one conversant with the world trend academically (Alamin pp 2-345). Another importance of studying English language is that English is the language of technology and science, genetics, medicine and also computer science so if anyone is interested in any of this fields then

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Essay Example for Free

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Essay Explain critical control points (CCPs) This is a point, step or procedures at which control can be applied and food safety hazard can be eliminated or reduced these steps are called assessing the hazard and identifying critical control points. Outline and explain the steps of the HACCP system The purpose of the HACCP system is to identify, monitor and control dangers of food contamination. Assess hazards Identify critical control points Set up standards or limits for CCPs Set up procedures for monitoring CCPs Establish corrective actions Set up a record keeping system Verify the system is working. HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points. It is an internationally recognized based food safety system. On preventing, elimination and reducing hazards it identifies and deals with the hazards before it occurs. HACCP recognized the best way to eliminate, reduce or control hazards in a food handling industry or the environment. HACCP first identifies potential food safety problems and determine the best way to prevent them food safety hazards, or; Allergenic Biological Chemical Physical Explain the difference of psychrophiles and mesophiles Psychrophiles (cold loving). Microorganism’s particular bacteria have a preferential temperature for growth at less than 590(150 Celsius) Mesophiles Microorganisms on earth belong to the group of mesophiles. It grows best in temperature between 100- 500c. They are formed in soil and water environment. Masts of dangerous mesophiles are staphylococci, aureus, and salmonellas, sp, proteus where they live is one way because of the temperature they need to grow, and they can cause the food to spoil. Explain the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic bacteria Aerobic Aerobic bacteria takes place in the absence of oxygen and food substances are partially broken. Anaerobic Anaerobic means without oxygen and human needs oxygen to breathe. Explain anaerobic bacteria Anaerobic bacteria can survive without the presence of oxygen. They are 3 types of obi gate anaerobic. List three (3) ways that cross contamination can be prevented during Storing Service Handling/Preparation Storing Separate raw animal foods such as eggs, fish, meat and poultry away from each other and also ready to eat foods. Store raw meat and cooked meat on different shelves in freezer preferably raw meats at the bottom shelf to prevent drippings or leaking substance from meat while storing. Service. A clean work area and cooking utensils is required such as sterilized counter top, cooking utensils and also a clean environment is needed. A clean table and linen is vital to prevent cross contamination Preparation Prepare food on clean surface to prevent the spread of germs. Never use the same cutting board you use to prepare raw meat to prepare vegetables. List five (5) way foods may be checked during the following in order to control and temperature Preparing foods Receiving and storing foods Preparing foods Preparing food at the control time and temperature Wash your hands properly Cook and cool foods the right way. No handling of foods with bare hands always use a tong, gloves, paper towels and spoons Take out just the amount of food needed When preparing salad and sandwiches spreads These foods must not be left at room temperature When making these food always start with the cold ingredients first Keep cook foods at a suitable temperature to prevent the growth of bacteria Do not leave food out for more than 30 mins. or until properly cooled then store Receiving and storing foods Refrigerator must be set at the appropriate temperature to prevent or limit the growth of pathogenic bacteria that may be present in ready-to-eat- foods. Obtain food ingredients and packing material from approved sources that are regulated by the necessary authorities. Receiving food at proper temperature when getting perishable food this must be place in cold storage immediately upon arrival. Storage Maintain temperature control to limit the growth of bacteria for eg. Store potentially hazardous or ready to eat foods under refrigeration you may set critical limit for refrigeration to operate at 380F List five ways that you can control and eliminate pests Moisture control Repair leaking roots clean gutter and downspout Exclusion. Keep door, windows and vents screened and well sealed Store items in plastic Sanitation Keep trash containers clean and covered Prevention Eliminate wood to ground contacts use gravel or rock instead of wood mulch Mechanical Control–use snap traps for mice and rat. Prepare a flow chart showing CCPs for the following menu. Bibliography http://www. google. com http://www. en. wikipedia. org/ http://www. en. m. wikipedia. org/ http://www. searchhyahoo. com http://www. agric. gov. ab http://emotes. com http://www. wikianswer. com http://google. coo/ http://www. kingcouty. gov/.

Benvolio vs. Mercutio in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: William Shakespeare

It was a hot summer day in the town square of Verona when the two households came face to face, both feeling and showing their emnity. In the play of Romeo and Juliet, written by Shakespeare, Tybalt wishes to fight Romeo and since Romeo is refusing to battle him, Mercutio steps up and takes Romeo's place. Benvolio is, like always, begging and pleading for them to keep the peace. All through the tale, Romeo's best friends, Benvolio and Mercutio, try to help Romeo with their own particular methods. Surprisingly, there are no characters that differ from each other more than Benvolio and Mercutio. Although Benvolio and Mercutio are alike because they are both very loyal to Romeo, they are different because Benvolio is calm, level-headed, and honest and Mercutio tends to be a sarcastic, wild person who follows his emotions more than his common sense. Mercutio and Benvolio express loyalty and companionship toward Romeo. Mercutio battles Tybalt in order to defend Romeo's honor, when Romeo has already made it clear that he doesn't want anyone to fight. Mercutio bravely faces the furious Tybalt and says "O calm, dishonorable, vile submission! Tybalt you rat-catcher will you walk?" (Scene Five). Benvolio also shows he is faithful to Romeo when he devises the brilliant plan of crashing the Capulet's ball, in an attempt to cure his friend Romeo's depression. When he says "... Supper is done, and we shall come too late." (Scene Two), he's convincing Romeo to go to the ball to have some fun or else it'll be too late and he'll stay heart broken. Mercutio and Benvolio are different because Mercutio is a wild person that likes to pick fights even though they aren't "his" battles. When Tybalt is looking for Romeo, Mercutio steps up and declares "... Here is my fiddlestick, here's that shall make you dance." (Scene Five), thus making Tybalt even angrier and causing a fight. You can see Benvolio is a peace-keeping person especially when he states "I do but keep the peace: put up thy sword..." (Scene One). He says this mainly because he doesn't want anyone to get hurt or get in trouble with the law. Although Mercutio and Benvolio are really close to being antithesis of one another, they are also similar because they are both incredibly loyal and faithful to Romeo. Though they are an oddly matched pair, they somehow combine to add their own unique flavors to Romeo and Juliet.

The Beatles Influence on Rock-and-Roll

The Beatles are one of the most innovative rock bands of all time. They have not only changed the way rock and roll is looked at, but also the way that the music is recorded. They have influenced the artists of the 60s and the 70s, and also many generations later and to come. Originating from Liverpool, England, the Beatles, or the Fab Four, consists of Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. Topping the charts in ’63 with â€Å"Love Me Do,† and bringing in the highest rated viewing in history while performing on the Ed Sullivan Show, the Beatles are definitely a band that broke the sound barrier of rock and roll.They used unique sounds in their music and weren’t afraid of experimenting in the studio, they even welcomed accidental occurrences and toyed around to get the sound they were looking for. Artificial double tracking was invented during the recording of their album Revolver and also a new technique on miking strings. They paved the way for other British Bands in America and even had full-blown imitators, like the Monkees, that copied everything from their look, to the spelling error in their name, and their campaign. They also helped create a whole new genre of music called folk rock.Their influence is still seen in today’s musicians, such as the band Oasis, who compare their music constantly to the Beatles. The Beatles Influence on Rock-and-Roll â€Å"The impact of the Beatles – not only on rock and roll but on Western culture – is simply incalculable. As musicians, they proved that rock and roll could embrace a limitless variety of harmonies, structures and sounds; virtually every rock experiment has some precedent on Beatles records. † Said by the Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll, could not be any more wrong.The Beatles had a huge impact on not just rock and roll, but music as a whole, as well as influencing the technology used to record their music. They weren’ t afraid of experimenting and instead of producing music they produced art. Their influence is seen all over the world, but no one has come close to the fame that was Beatlemania. The Beatles originated from Liverpool, England and consists of Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. They first started playing shows in Hamburg, Germany as a skiffle band in 1960.In 1962 they released their first single â€Å"Love Me Do,† which reached the number one spot on U. S. charts in May of ’63. Their first appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show in February of ’64 brought in over 73 million viewers, the most in U. S. history. By April 1964, they held the first five places in the Billboard Hot 100. The Beatles were one of the biggest influences on music during the 60s and 70s. Their music, to this day, remains more widely known than any other music of the rock era. They have brought new sounds and ideas in their music and revolutionized the idea of rock and roll.Their work was always invested with originality, using unique sounds in their music, which is most dramatically seen in Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. They used many studio effects on this album, including reverberation, echoes, and reverse tape effects. They experimented with sounds that no other bands used, and had great success with it. They created their own material, breaking the Tin Pan monopoly of song writing, setting in motion revolutionary changes in the music publishing industry. They wrote songs for fellow artists and even encouraged the Rolling Stones to write their own music. The Beatles were the first group to use the recording studio as a writing tool, building up complex song arrangements by multi-tracking and importing orchestral textures and avant-garde effects under the guidance of producer George Martin† (Glassman).In Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, instead of using traditional breaks in between songs, one tracked merged i nto the next, which were linked by studio talk, laughter, electronic noises, and animal sounds. They also used audio tricks involving steam organs, orchestras, sitars, and even a pack of foxhounds in full cry at the end of â€Å"Good Morning, Good Morning. The use of animal sounds were actually first used in the Beach Boys album Pet Sounds that the Beatles admired. When asked the Beach Boys where they got their innovation for Pet Sounds, the Beatles Rubber Soul album was what inspired them. â€Å"A Day In The Life,† the last song on the album, featured â€Å"what Lennon described as ‘a sound building up from nothing to the end of the world’† (Lazarescu). The song â€Å"Strawberry Fields Forever† fused two different versions of the same song and used reverse-tape cellos for an eerie effect.After George Harrison used sitar on the song â€Å"Norwegian Wood,† other bands like the Byrds, Yardbirds, and the Rolling Stones, soon followed incorporat ing Eastern-influence sounds into their work. Paul McCartney once said, â€Å"We would say, ‘Try it! Just try it for us. If it sounds crappy, OK, we’ll lose it. But it might just sound good. ’ We were always pushing ahead: Louder, further, longer, more different† (â€Å"All About Jazz†). The Beatles had complete access to Abbey Road studios free of charge, spending hours upon hours experimenting and writing music.They used the studio as an instrument in itself. They were the first band to push musical and technological boundaries. They took advantage of accidental occurrences in the recording process. You can see this in â€Å"I Feel Fine† where there is feedback and also in â€Å"Long, Long, Long† where there is a resonating glass bottle. They also deliberately toyed with situations and techniques that would further chance effects. An example of this is in â€Å"I am the Walrus,† where they used a live mixing of a UK radio broa dcast into the fade of the song, and also the chaotic assemblage of â€Å"Tomorrow Never Knows. Ken Townsend invented artificial double tracking (ADT) during the recording of Revolver because Lennon didn’t like singing a song twice. ADT is still widely used for instruments and voices; however, it is now mostly known as automatic double tracking. Other influences the Beatles had on technology were the use of close miking the strings by engineer Geoff Emerick when recording. In 1966 that was a radically new way of miking strings, and now it is common practice. The Beatles were also the firsts to use direct injection to record McCartney’s bass on Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band.This is done by connecting the bass to the recording console via an impedance matching DI box. The Beatles paved the way for other British bands in America. The Beatles were the first British group to break into America and since the Beatles were able to have fame in the US, they gave other British bands the possibility of making it in America. Such bands were Gerry and the Pacemakers, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas, and the Searchers, who were all also managed by Brian Epstein. Other British bands that followed the Beatles were the Rolling Stones, the Who, and the Yardbirds.The Rolling Stones had a raunchier dirty bad boy look, different then the clean-cut look of the Beatles. As the 1970s began, you can see the Beatles influence in artists like Elton John and Pink Floyd. In America, the most blatant imitators of the Beatles were the Monkees, who even calculatedly misspelled the name just like the Beatles. The Monkees were four actors portraying longhaired whimsical musicians; however, their music was actually performed by studio musicians. They copied the Beatles to a tee, including their campaign.Before the Beatles came to the US, their manager Brian Epstein had Capital Records spend $50,000 on a campaign, plastering posters all over the country stating, â⠂¬Å"The Beatles Are Coming,† and gave disc jockeys records of interviews with the Beatles to feel like they were actually making personalized interviews. For the Monkees, â€Å"The band’s label spent $100,000 on an ad campaign that involved seventy-six advance men, who distributed thousands of posters proclaiming ‘The Monkees Are Coming’ and provided preview records to 6,000 disc jockeys† (Szatmary 125).After the assassination of President John Kennedy, the whole country was at a low point and the Beatles brought them back to happier times, especially the folk artists. A lot of folk artists felt like the protest was over after Kennedy was killed. Kennedy was making a change in the country, but after his death, they felt like there was no more fight left in them. Bob Dylan, one of the major folk musicians of the era, just gave it all away and went towards the more electrified sounds of the Beatles.Gene Clark, who at the time was part of the folk group the New Christy Minstrels, was on tour when he first heard the Beatles song â€Å"She Loves You. † â€Å"I must have played it 40 times in the two days the New Christy Minstrels were playing that town,’ he later enthused. ‘I knew, I knew that this was the future† (Szatmary 140). Gene Clark later quit the New Christy Minstrels and formed his own band with Roger McGuinn and a few other former folk musicians. They called themselves the Byrds, misspelling it to emulate the spelling error in the Beatles.They combined Dylanese folk, vocal harmonies and Beatles music to create folk rock. Other folk bands that switched to folk rock were the Turtles, Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel, and Scotland’s folk singer Donovan Leitch, which Paul McCartney was featured singing with him on his song â€Å"Mellow Yellow. † One other band was Lovin’ Spoonful who owed their debt to Dylan and none other than the Beatles. When new wave and punk music started in th e late 1970s, their sound and style could still be heard in artists like the Squeeze, the Police, and Elvis Costello. Their music has spoken not only to its own time but to every generation since† (Campbell, Brody 168). In the late 1980s a new style of music called â€Å"baggy† originated from Manchester. The musical devotees sported Bealte-esque haircuts and drew heavily on the 1960s. They fused Beatles psychedelic with electronic elements taken from the simultaneously developing acid house scene. You can see the Beatles influence in the guitar style and song arrangements of the Stone Roses, guitarist John Squire cited them as one of his main influences.The mid 90s saw a whole new host of Beatles influenced bands. The band Cast, which was formed by guitarist John Powers in 1994, has Lennon-esque vocals and memorable songs, which are still reaping the rewards. In 1995 a Liverpool band called the Boo Radleys had both the Beatles pop and psychedelic styles. Songwriter/gui tarist Martin Carr told Melody Maker in 1994 that, â€Å"There's never been a time when they haven't been a part of my life† (Glassman). The Gallagher brothers, who formed the group Oasis, lived and breathed the Beatles.They even named dropped the Beatles whenever they could in interviews. They would write their own melodies and then arrange them in a Bealte-esque style, but with a rocky, attitude-dowsed edge. â€Å"It's beyond an obsession. It's an ideal for living. I don't even know how to justify it to myself. With every song that I write, I compare it to The Beatles,’ Noel Gallagher told Q in 1996† (Glassman). Of the eight years that were the Beatles, no band has received more attention from fans, musicians, and scholars. Their music tells us more about the sixties than any other band.Their influence is seen in music and even the technology used to record music. From their first album Please Please Me (1963) all the way to their last album Hey Jude (1970), n o band has seen such a diverse selection of songs, going from retro one minute to folk-influenced the next. With their use of experimentation, they have opened a whole new door to the way rock is heard, converting even folk musicians, like the Byrds, to their style of music. You can still hear their inspiration in music even in today’s bands such as Oasis. Yet no one has seemed to copy the sound that was the Beatles.

Compare and contrast CBT and psychodynamic approaches to...

Compare and contrast CBT and psychodynamic approaches to counselling focusing particularly on trauma and PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder): Theory and therapy. When working with clients in today’s society it’s extremely important to take into consideration the specific needs of each individual. Serious contemplation is given to the approaches and methods regarding the client’s need and presenting matters. Trauma appears in many forms in society, even from the 1960’s due to the impact on returning soldiers from war. Since this, trauma has been categorised and widely researched leading to numerous theories. Psychotherapies were one of the first approaches to be founded in the 1970’s, which were the foundations to counselling†¦show more content†¦This treatment approach is based on cognitive and learning theories, tackling-misleading beliefs related to the traumatic events of acknowledgments related to the abuse and provides a supportive environment of which individuals are encouraged to talk about their traumatic experience. A numerous amount of research has been carried out to investigate into how effective CBT really can be for PTSD. (Resick et al, 2002) carried out an investigation comparing CBT with strong cognitive restructuring focus and CBT with a strong exposure focus and to a waiting-list control of rape survivors. Prior to this experiment approximately 80% of patients who completed either form of CBT no longer met the criteria for PTSD. Once this investigation was complete a follow up treatment took place of which it was noted 2% of the waiting list group had lost the PTSD diagnoses. Only a year after this investigation Bryant, Moulds, Guthrie, Dang Nixon, (2003) restructured the experiment comparing exposure alone, exposure plus cognitive restructuring, and supportive counselling in civilians with PTSD resulting from various traumatic events. At this particular follow up 65-80% of participants who either completed either form of CBT were now clear of PTSD diagnosis, compared to less than 40% of those who completed supportive counselling.