binge drinking Essay -- essays research papers fc

What Causes debauch DrinkingBinge Drinking is an intriguing phenomenon that umpteen college students take part in all across the country. The issue of binge make merrying has been a problem on college campuses for decades. Binge boozing has umteen appalling effects, but the problem starts with the causes for it. If the causes could be controlled then the issue would not get out of hand. M any college students give different causes for their drinking problems, and experts on the subject switch their explanations as well. The problem is, while growing through adolescence anything heap become an excuse for drinking, such as its Thursday the day before Friday, we need to drink or, its the last Wednesday of the semester, lets get some beer. Binge drinking has different definitions but many would agree that Binge drinking has been defined as drinking more than 4-5 drinks in a row in one sitting. A drink is defined as a 12 ounce can or bottle of beer, a wine cooler, a four ounce gla ss of wine, or a shot of liquor (Rhodes 1). Others believe that men who overhear 5-6 drinks and women who consume 4-5 drinks are also considered Binge Drinkers. Personally I do not think that sex matters, if someone is consuming multiple drinks to become highly elate they should be considered a Binge Drinker.One article that covers the results of a national survey states that Adolescents levels of alcohol and drug use have been found to be potently associated with peers use. However, other studies have shown that a students drinking was more strongly influenced by how much he or she thought close friends drank than by perceptions of the extent of use by students in general(Results 2). This is a statement that I can agree with because growing up I have watched many young people become greatly influenced by their friends. Now a days the phrase peer pressure concentrates on pressure from a draw a bead on group of friends rather than a students peers as a whole. Another reason the article gives for the cause of Binge Drinking is that Students who perceive that more drinking occurs than rattling does provide themselves with an excuse for drinking more because everyone is doing it (Results 2). Everyone knows that most youngsters want what every other kid has, this idea relates in the... ...nge drinking.Almost anything can become a cause for binge drinking. There are things that directly lead to drinking problems such as depression but most of the causes for it are just any old excuse. If I had to decide on main causes for binge drinking they would be depression and simple excuses that give students a reason to drink. People that are depressed usually have thoughts of giving up on life, so by drinking they are just easing their pain. Most of the binge drinking that goes on in college is because students feel that they are supposed to drink, its a college tradition in a way. This is why students will use any excuse they can to drink.Works CitedAnxiety and Binge Drinking. 30 Oct. 2000. Houser, Regan. Message in a Bottle. 30 Oct. 2000. Prevention Primer Binge Drinking. 30 Oct.2000. Wechsler, Henry and Kuo, Meichun. College Students Define Binge Drinking and Estimate Its Prevalence Results of a National Survey. EBSCO Publishing 29 Oct. 2000

Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Reality, Appearance and

Reality and Illusion in Hamlet Shakespeares play, Hamlet, begins with the appearance of a ghost, an apparition, possibly a hallucination. Thus, from the beginning, Shakespeare presents the air of uncertainty, of the unnatural, which drives the action of the play and develops in the protagonist as a struggle to clarify what only seems to be absolute and what is real reality. Hamlets mind, therefore, becomes the central force of the play, choosing the direction of the conflict by his decisions regarding his revenge and defining the outcome. Shakespeare begins Hamlets struggle with recognition of Hamlets sincere grief and anger following his fathers untimely death. A taste of the conflict is expressed in the dialogue between Hamlet and his mother, Gertrude. Here Hamlet forcefully declares his pain and adds a discerning remark that defines seems as actions that a man might play. (I.2 ln 84) By acknowledging Hamlets comprehension of the separation between appearances and truth, Shakes peare gives the audience a reasonable belief in Hamlets eventual success in spite of the obstacles he creates for himself. Developing a convincing scheme by which to determine the goodness of the ghost and to achieve revenge is Hamlets first action. Hamlet asks his friend Horatio to intermit from commenting on any strange behavior he may exhibit in the future. (I.5 ln 170-179) Later in the play, Hamlet alludes to his actual sanity when conversing with his school friends, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. I am but mad north-north-west. When the wind is southerly, I know a hawk from a handsaw. (II.2 ln 377-378) After adequately concealing his intentions, Hamlet begins to doubt his take character. He compares himself to an actor who... ...struggle for revenge. Nevertheless, the central driving force of the play remains Hamlets mind. The new king, Fortinbras, assures the audience that Hamlet was likely, had he been put on, to have proved approximately royal. (V.2 ln 391-392) Works C ited and Consulted Heilman, Robert B. The Role We Give Shakespeare. Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 1965. Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Mack, Maynard. The World of Hamlet. Yale Review. vol. 41 (1952) p. 502-23. Rpt. in Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts show of Technology. 1995. http//www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html

Spider man Essay -- essays research papers

We all withstand heard of rover soldiery. He was the bonnie teenager until he was bitten by a radioactive spider. I like Spider troops but I believe there are a sell of things missing in his movies. The police and government are portrayed poorly, as to assisting Spider objet dart or lack there of. Spider Man goes about doing his own thing, outside of the law. He is somewhatthing we fuel all relate to and I believe that is why a share of people like him. more or less(prenominal) people would say they want to be like Spider Man because of his cool super human powers. I believe it would be a lot of hard make, dedication, and a lot of responsibility. Think about this, you would have two lives to live as a completely different person. You would have to keep up good grades, make some money to live on, support your family in one life, then save people, fight crime, and kill villains in the other life. It would be way to overwhelming for me.To fight crime, Peter needs a costume and a mask of some sort to hide his identity. He is a comely good artist and draws his costume that he wants. Since Peter doesnt have much money, he decides to make his own costume. My question is how Peter could possibly sleep together how to make a spandex costume to fit him perfectly, and look awesome without any flaws? Just because he has super human powers doesnt mean he can design and make a costume as perfect as his. I dont entail a lot of people narrow this into consideration. But if Peter had it made by a company of some sort, it would be fairly easy to trace and find who owns/ordered the costume. I think the creators knew about this, but didnt know how to solve the problem so they just kind of skipped it. On the other hand, I like how the creators of Spider Man didnt give him an endless budget, like Batman.Bruce Wayne was a poor kid from a poor city. His family was killed and he decides to fight crime, similar to Spider Man. Only Batman, some how got extremely rich to own his own cave, custom Bat Mobile, and have some sweet gadgets. I dont know a lot about Batman, but I know enough that money doesnt grow on trees. Besides, even if he did get the money reasonably, there would be other flaws. For example, there is no way he built his car him self. He had to have had a body shop customize it. And if this were the case, it wouldnt be too hard for Joker or someone to find out... ... his uncle would still be alive, and he would still have a best friend.Throughout the movies Spider Man and Spider Man 2, Peter Parker struggles with his grades and jobs. I am currently in school, and have a part time job so I know that there is a lot of work to achieve. Peter Parker on the other hand, has my same situation, plus he has to try and save the entire City. I think that there is no way humanly possible to maintain good grades and keep his job when you have an alternate Super ego. You wouldnt have the time to study unless you didnt go to sleep and if you try an d study and then sleep, you wouldnt have enough time to save the city. It might work if you saved the city while you were studying, but multi tasking wouldnt work very well while saving peoples lives.In conclusion, Spider Man is a very unrealistic super hero. There is no way someone would put their family and friends in danger by being the citys super hero. The police and government would surely have you arrested and/or killed for making unwarranted arrests. No matter how unrealistic Spider Man is, he is the most realistic of all the other heroes.

Starstruck :: essays research papers fc

The novel Starstruck is written by Kathy Hopkins, and is 216 pages in length. The publisher is Harper Collins Publishing and the date of publication was non listed in the novel. Cathy Hopkins started writing novels in 1987, and she wrote a number of 16 books that year. In the year 2000 she started to write teen novels.My novel Starstruck is about a girl named Lia, transaction with her hectic everyday life. In this book Lia gets asked out by Squidge (one of her friends) and she says yes. Finally they are boyfriend and girlfriend. Cat and Becca (other friends) are very joyous for their friends and everything is going great. Then everything changes because the town finds outthat the will be a host metropolis for a movie being made about immature life. savanna, the teenage star of the movie adopts Squidge as her personal runner. Will he be able to keep Savannah happy without breaking his promise to Lia?Lia is a tall slender young woman whom all the boys are crazy for. She has long bl onde hair, blue eyes, and has the perfect complexion. Lia is honest because she had never told a lie in her life, says Becca. She is also very determined because she never gives up and fights for what she believes in. I just do think that it is bazar that we should have to go to school while the movie is being shoot Mr. Jenks, it is a very exciting event probably the most exciting this city has seen for years. Savannah is on of the minor characters of this story. She is a beautiful teenage girl who is a super star. There is not much more about Savannah except that she is snobby and thinks that she can get whatever she wants whenever she wants. ..go get me a drink Squidge, Im thirsty, and do it now before I terminate you.Squidge is another one of the minor characters of my novel. He is an aspiring film director who is very confident. He can be shy at times when situations buy the farm overwhelming. now if everybody does not co-operate this movie wont be made so Squidge STOP mov ing the camera and get back to work.At the beginning of the story the setting is at Lias house, but as the story progresses the setting changes. For the rest of the story the setting is at the main eminent school in Cornwall.

The Importance of the House in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. H

The Importance of the House in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Steveson use the architecture of Dr. Jekylls augury really intelligently. The polarity can be regarded to be parallel to Dr. Jekylls double personality. Throughout the book, the raise lends itself as a powerful prop, by which it is possible for Dr. Jekyll to use his suffer even when he is in the form of Mr. Hyde. The house, like Dr. Jekyll, has a dark side. On the front side of the house, it seems to be an elite, upper class, respectable home. However, the rest of the house is quite the opposite. As the book described it discolored wall on the upper and bore in every feature the marks of prolonged and so did negligence. whence the back doorstep could be used by Mr. Hyde, with very few suspecting Mr. Hyde of having any connection to Dr. Jekyll. Steveson fit the architecture of the house into the story cleverly. The house supports Dr. Jekylls unavowed of b eing Mr. Hyde at times. The house symbolizes the double personality of its owner. Therefore Dr. Jekyll and his house have parallel purposeistics. We are introduced to the back door right at the beginning of the book. The door is said to be equipped with neither bell or knocker, was blistered and distained. Along with the introduction of the door is the introduction of Mr. Hyde. Mr. Hydes appearance is described as something displeasing, something right-down detestable. So right from the beginning, we are aware of Mr. Hydes connection with this mysterious door. Mr. Enfields story on page 2 gives a good understanding of the shady character of Mr. Hyde. A quote from the book that best describes this is The next thing was to get the money and where do you think he carried us but to that place with the door? whipped out a key, went in , and presently came back with the matter of ten pounds in gold and a cheque for the balance on Couttss, drawn account payable to bearer, and si gned with a name that I cant mention. But as the story progresses we learn that the house belongs to Dr. Jekyll. The fact that Dr. Jekyll is only seen in the front of the house, which is well furnish and respectable, brings about the contrasting features of the house. This is also a good time to note that this contradiction of the two sides of the house signifies that Dr. Jekyll is obviously hid... ...ekyll was a man, who had always followed the rules of society. He was a respectable man, and had never had any adventures. By becoming Mr. Hyde, with the help of his knowledge of science he was satisfying his evil side. But he could not totally forget about society. Although Dr. Jekylls reputation was still Copernican to him, and he becomes a hypocrite in the process, he found a way to hide his delusion and keep his reputation as it was. This is why he had to use his private and public identity the way he did. The house clearly caters to Dr. Jekylls double personality. Steveson us es the house as a prop throughout the book. The story never would have worked if the houses architecture was not like it was. It is almost too much of a give-away that the house was made in this way. But no reader if the book would realize this unless, it was thought about more, or studied. In conclusion, the house of Dr. Jekyll is much more important then one would think at the beginning of the book. If the architecture was not planned by Steveson the way it was, the story would not have been as good. Steveson used the house greatly to his advantage, and greatened the mystery of the novel.

The Importance of the House in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. H

The Importance of the House in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Steveson used the architecture of Dr. Jekylls house very intelligently. The house stack be regarded to be parallel to Dr. Jekylls double personality. Throughout the book, the house lends itself as a powerful prop, by which it is possible for Dr. Jekyll to use his house even when he is in the form of Mr. Hyde. The house, like Dr. Jekyll, has a dark side. On the front side of the house, it seems to be an elite, upper class, respectable home. However, the rest of the house is quite the opposite. As the book described it discolored wall on the upper and bore in every feature the marks of prolonged and so did negligence. Therefore the back doorstep could be used by Mr. Hyde, with very few suspecting Mr. Hyde of having any connection to Dr. Jekyll. Steveson fit the architecture of the house into the story cleverly. The house supports Dr. Jekylls secret of being Mr. Hyde at times. The house symbolizes the double personality of its owner. Therefore Dr. Jekyll and his house have parallel characteristics. We are introduced to the back door in force(p) at the beginning of the book. The door is state to be equipped with neither bell or knocker, was blistered and distained. Along with the introduction of the door is the introduction of Mr. Hyde. Mr. Hydes appearance is described as something displeasing, something downright detestable. So right from the beginning, we are aware of Mr. Hydes connection with this mysterious door. Mr. Enfields story on page 2 gives a good understanding of the shady character of Mr. Hyde. A recite from the book that best describes this is The next thing was to get the m onenessy and where do you think he carried us but to that place with the door? whipped out a key, went in , and presently came back with the matter of ten pounds in gold and a cheque for the balance on Couttss, drawn payable to bearer, and signe d with a name that I cant mention. But as the story progresses we learn that the house belongs to Dr. Jekyll. The fact that Dr. Jekyll is only seen in the front of the house, which is well furnished and respectable, brings active the distinguish features of the house. This is also a good time to note that this contradiction of the two sides of the house signifies that Dr. Jekyll is obviously hid... ...ekyll was a man, who had always followed the rules of society. He was a respectable man, and had neer had any adventures. By becoming Mr. Hyde, with the help of his knowledge of science he was satisfying his evil side. But he could not altogether forget about society. Although Dr. Jekylls character was still important to him, and he becomes a hypocrite in the process, he found a way to hide his hypocrisy and keep his reputation as it was. This is why he had to use his private and public identity the way he did. The house clearly caters to Dr. Jekylls double personality. Steveson u ses the house as a prop throughout the book. The story never would have worked if the houses architecture was not like it was. It is almost too much of a give-away that the house was made in this way. But no reader if the book would realize this unless, it was thought about more, or studied. In conclusion, the house of Dr. Jekyll is much more important then one would think at the beginning of the book. If the architecture was not planned by Steveson the way it was, the story would not have been as good. Steveson used the house greatly to his advantage, and greatened the mystery of the novel.

Chem 1301

Syallubus for CHEM 1301 General Chemistry I Fall 2011 SCIE 2. 106, M,W 235-350 Instructor Name Dr. J. G. Parsons Email emailprotected edu Office Science room do 3. 348 Phone Office 381-7462 Office Hours M/W 130-230 or by appointment CRN 12626 REQUIRED MATERIALS Text Book Chemistry by Julia Burdge (ISBN 978-0-07-302554-4) Scientific calculator (ARIS software package Required) RECOMMENDED MATERIALS Burdge study guide Blackboard web course and a UTPA email address. CREDIT Lecture credit 3 hours. laboratory is a separate one hour course ,1101 series). PREREQUISITES One year of high school chemistry. College level algebra recommended. Grading Grading go out be based on a 100 point scale 90 100 points = A 80 89 = B 70 -79 = C 60 69 = D Below 60 = F Breakdown of points is as follows 65% 4 unit exams (lowest is foxped) 10% Homework/Quiz grade 20% final exam. EXPECTIONS and OUTCOMES 1. To understand and apply methods and appropriate technology to the study of natural sciences. 2.To rec ognize scientific and quantitative methods and the differences between these approches and other methods of inquiry and to communicate findings, analyses and interpretation both orally and in writing. 3. To identify and recognize the differences among competing scientific theories. 1 4. To demonstrate knowlegdge of the major issues and problems facing modern science, including issuses that touch upon ethics, values, and public policies. 5. To demonstrate fellowship of the interdependence of science and technology and their influence on, and contribution to, modern culture.CLASSROOM POLICIES Only chemistry questions will be addressed in class. All other questions close the course or grading will be addressed individually during office hours. A schedule showing due dates for assignments and exams will be procurable on Blackboard. Attendence Attendance may be taken periodically. Professors will have the option of dropping a student after three unexplained absences. Students arrivin g previous(a) to class should notify me that they are present. Class roles are periodically taken and attendence from groups work is also noted.Make-up exams will not be given. The lowest exam fool will be dropped and in cases where students miss an exam for any reason, that exam will be the one dropped. Missing two exams usually results in a F for the course. Cheating Students will be dropped from this course for cheating. Cheating consists of submitting someone elses work under your name, obtaining information from someone other than the instructor during an exam. cellular Phones Cellular phones and/or beepers should be turned off or set to vibrate during the class period. ============================================================== Disability If you have a documented disability which will make it difficult for you to carry out the work as outlined and/or if you need special accommodations or assistance due to the disability, please take the Office of Services for Persons wit h Disabilities (OSPD), at Emilia Ramirez-Schunior Hall, Rm. 1. 101 immediately, or the Associate Director at emailprotected edu, 956/316-7005. Appropriate arrangements/ accommodations can be made. =============================================================== TENTETATIVE SCHEDULE Weeks 1-4 Unit I Stoichiometry Ratios of Combination Reactions in Aqueous Solutions First Exam Monday, Sept. 19th, 2010 Weeks 5-8 Unit II Gases Thermochemistry Second Exam CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 5 Monday Oct. 17th, 2001 Weeks 9-12 Unit tierce Quantum surmise and the negatronic Structure of Atom Electronic Configuration and the Perodic Table Third Exam Monday Nov 16th, 2010 Weeks 13-15 Unit IV Chemical Bonding I prefatorial Concepts Chemical Bonding II, Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories thorough Chemistry Fourth Exam declension. th, 2010 Important Dates Sept. 5th 2009 Sept 14th 2009 Sept 27th 2009 Nov. 14th, 2009 Nov 24th, 25th, 2009 Nov 27th, 2009 Dec 8th-9th CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10 Labor Day (University Closed) Census day Last day to Change Courses Last day to drop Thanksgiving (University Closed) Classes Resume Study Days no classes Final Exam Dec 10th -16th, 2011 Final Exams Week (Final Exam Monday Dec 12th, 2011, 115-300) This calendar is tentative and subject to slight Variation. Course Evaluation Simply log in to UTPA Assist self service using your UTPA username & password.Click on Student Services whence domestic dog Student Records click on Student Evaluations link then click on Evaluation link next to the course you wish to evaluate then click Submit. To see a tutorial, follow this link http//cdl. utpa. edu/tutorials/surveydig/ 3 The chart below shows information that is required and optional topics that will be covered timepermitting in CHEM 1301. age Chap 1-2 Required Parsons CHEM 1301 Have Powerpoint presentations for Chaps 1&2, hand-out materials, pre-test and pretest answers available on Blackboard. Optional Par sons CHEM 1301 Homework Set I (with answers) provided through Blackboard.Two optional review sessions (I on dimensional Analysis and II on Nomenclature) scheduled on the Course Calendar (also available on Blackboard) Requirements for a chemical reaction to be balanced awaken balance and mass balance. Chap 3 The Mole Concept and Mole Mass/Stoichiometry Calculations, Balancing Chemical Equations, % Composition and Determining Simple/Emperical Formulas Oxidation reduction Reactions Precipitation Reactions Acid-Base Reactions Molarity and Dilutions Problems, Solution Stoichiometry Problems, Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Reactions.Concepts of Pressure, Volume, and Absolute Temperature The Gas Laws The Ideal Gas Equation Molecular Speed Real Gases and the van de Waals Equation, Gas-Stoichiometry Problems the kinetic Molecular Theory Daltons Law of Partial Pressures and Raoults Law Introduction to Thermodynamics, Pressure-Volume Work and Heat, Internal Energy, Enthalpy Calorimetry, Hes ss Law, Heats of Formation and State Functions Quantum Theory, Quantum Numbers, Electron Configuration, Orbital Diagrams, Sets of Quantum Numbers, The Line Spectrum of Hydrogen Chap 4 Chapt 11Use of the Solubility Rules to write precipitation reactions and net-ionic reactions. Use of the Activity Series to write reactions showing displacement of heat content by active metals. Meaning of terms electrolyte, strong electrolye, weak electrolyte and non-electrolyte. Properties of Gases, Reactions with Gaseous Reactants and Products, Degrees of Freedom for particles in the free state, the liquid state and the solid state a comparison of gases, liquids and solids as to compressibility, density, and particles freedom of motion Units of Energy, Enthalpy, Standard Enthalpies of Formation, Constant Pressure processes vs.Constant Volume Processes Chap 5 Chap 6 Properties of Waves, The de Broglie Hypothesis The scruple Principle, Atomic Orbitals, Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table the Schrodinger Equation Chap 7 Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements Ions of Main Group Elements, Ionization energy, electron affinity, Atomic wheel spoke Lewis Dot Symbols, Electronegativity and Polarity Drawing Lewis Structures Formal Charge Molecular Geometry-VSEPR, Valence Bond Theory, The Modern Periodic Table Effective thermonuclear Charge, Nuclear Shielding, IonicRadius Isoelectronic series, metallic character Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding, Exceptions to the Octet Rule Bond Enthalpy, Resonance Molecular Geometry and Polarity, Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals, Molecular Orbital Theory Hybridization in Molecules Containing Multiple Bonds Molecules, Organic Reactions Organic Polymers, Isomerism Chap 8 Chap 9 Chap 10 Why Carbon is Different, Representing Organic Molecules, Classes of Organic Compounds, Basic Organic Nomenclature 4

Coke

Distribution Gaps in forecast R come bulge of the closetes By Anuroop Uppuluri June, 2010 Distribution Gaps in slay aim R exposees By Anuroop Uppuluri Under the guidance of Shri Himanshu Shekhar Dr. Bikramjit Rishi Capability Developmnet ManagerProfessor HCCB IMT, Ghaziabad June, 2010 Certificate of Approval The fol wiped out(p)ing pass Project Report tit direct Distribution Gaps in Direct Routes is herewith approved as a certified study in management carried out and presented in a manner satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as a prerequisite for the award of Post-Graduate Diploma in Business Management for which it has been submitted.It is understood that by this approval the under sign(a) do non necessarily endorse or approve on the whole statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein but approve the Summer Project Report yet for the purpose it is submitted. Summer Project Report Examination Committee for evaluation of Summer Project Report NameSignature 1 . Faculty ExaminerDr. Bikramjit Rishi___________________ 2. PG Summer Project Co-coordinatorShri Himanshu Shekhar___________________ Certificate from Summer Project Guides This is to certify that Mr.Anuroop Uppuluri, a student of the Post-Graduate Diploma in Business Management, has worked under our guidance and supervision. This Summer Project Report has the requisite standard and to the scoop up of our knowledge no part of it has been reproduced from any former(a) summer intent, monograph, report or book. Dr. Bikramjit RishiShri. Himanshu Shekhar ProfessorCapability Development Manager IMT, GhaziabadHCCBPL New Delhi DateDate Acknowledgement I would wish well to give thanks Ms. Saumya Khati (Manager-HR) for giving me an opportunity to work as a summer intern in Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Private Limited.I am grateful to Mr. Himanshu Shekhar under whose guidance I hurl successfully completed this project. I would like to thank Mr. Inderjeet Bindra who has been a constant so urce of encouragement and without whose guidance this project would non meet been completed. I would to a fault like to extend my sincere thanks to Mr. Sandeep Rawat for all the make during the course of the project work. I am extremely grateful to Dr. Bikramjit Rishi, whose guidance and valuable suggestions helped me represent in the right direction finished the course of my nternship. I would also like to thank all the workers in the Dilshad Garden depot and my friends who have direct or indirectly helped me complete this project. Abstract Distribution Gaps in Direct Routes For HCCB By Anuroop Uppuluri Distribution (Place) is one of the four elements of marketing mix, the former(a) trio creation Product, Price and Promotion referred to as the 4Ps. The importance of a robust and reliable statistical distribution network can non be over emphasized in an FMCG company.In an FMCG company like Coca-Cola where there is rapid movement of products along the distribution channels (especially in summer when the demand is at peak), a proper distribution network would bastardly both increased gross sales and customer atonement. Market Developers (MDs) and Area Market controllers (AMCs) atomic number 18 the frontline workers who form the strong base of the distribution network in Coca-Cola company. several(prenominal)(prenominal) fault on their part will result in loss of sales for the company and also affects the RED stacks of the discharges where order does not countersink turn outed.This research was focused on appointing the distribution gaps in direct courses and taking steps to bridge the gaps in order to make the distribution network to a greater extent(prenominal) efficient. This study is confined to the direct despatchs of Dilshad Garden depot in East Delhi. The systemology includes the following steps 1) Collecting the score data from banknote account report, and data regarding orders received from the voice communication sheets. 2) Matching the invoice data with the talking to sheets to identify the volcanos where order has not been ingested. 3) Determining the reason for non tar from the AMC and cross foiling it with the pull downt when necessary.Identifying blowholes with persistent tasks and solving issues fitly. The major findings atomic number 18 1. The vent-hole proprietors atomic number 18 very peculiar(prenominal) about the SKU that they order. Changing the SKU if the one ordered was not unattached led to cancellation of order well-nigh times. Such cancellation of orders affects the see rate. Hence, if any SKU is not available, the order should just be removed instead of being changed to some other SKU. 2. level off though the AMCs be required to withdraw the concerned people when an order gets cancelled and inform about it, they are not taking it seriously.The AMCs need to construe that this is in the best s meets of all one as the problem can be cured once and for all if they take suitable action. So, this do by needs to be implement strictly. 3. It has been observed that it is very difficult to track wrong retroverties where in the products are delivered to some individual/ mercantile establishment eon the invoice is printed against some other outlet where spoken language did not happen. This can be halt by implementing a token governance where the outlet owner acknowledges the AMC upon lecture using some token. Table of Contents PageAcknowledgementv Abstract. vi Table of Contents.. 1 tilt of Figures 3 List of Tables4 List of Appendices. 5 List of Abbreviations. 6 IINTRODUCTION7 1. 1 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY.. 7 1. 2 INTRODUCTION OF HCCBPL7 1. 3 nerd ANALYSIS OF HCCBPL.. 8 1. 4 PROBLEM FORMULATION9IIRESEARCH PROBLEM10 2. 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT10 2. 2 OBJECTIVES10 2. 3 experience DELIVERABLES10 2. 4 CHALLENGES. 10 IIIBACKGROUND OF THE STUDY11 3. 1 RSU METHOD. . 11 3. 2 DRAWBACKS OF RSU METHOD.. 11 3. 3 PRE-SALE METHOD.. . 11 3. 4 overcompensate EXECUTION DAILY (RED) 12 3. 5 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN COCA_COLA.. 12 3. 6 PROCESSES FOLLOWED14 3. 6. 1 ORDER GENERATION. 14 3. 6. 2 ORDER INTEGRATION14 3. 6. 3 INVOICE AND result15 IV RESEARCH DESIGN 16 4. 1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. 16 4. 2 DATA COLLECTION. 16 4. 3 FINDINGS GAPS IN DISTRIBUTION. 16 4. 3. 1 SKU AVAILABILITY. 16 4. 3. 2 STOCKOUT OF COCA-COLA 17 4. 3. 3 legal injury DELIVERY 18 4. 3. 4 DAMAGE TO VEHICLE. 18 4. 3. 5 SHOP CLOSED19 4. 3. 6 BIG VEHICLE UNABLE TO tally OUTLETS IN LANES.. 19 4. 3. AMC NEW TO THE ROUTE 19 4. 3. 8 FAKE ORDERS. 20 4. 3. 9 MISCELLANEOUS REASONS 20 VRESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS. 21 VIRECOMMENDATIONS. 24 References.. 25 Appendices. 26 List of Figures Figure no(prenominal) Description Page 1 Distribution network depicting direct and indirect avenues. 13 2 Distribution take depicting flow of Fulls and Empties.. 14 3 Graph depicting the variations in fill rate for direct travel guidebooks. 2 4 Graph demo the boilersuit increasi ng rationalise in change rate calculated as artless average week wise.. 22 List of Tables Table No. Description Page 1 contact Rates in the direct routes. 21 2 Simple Average of the fill rates of the AMCs in the effrontery duration. 23 List of Appendices Table No. Description Page 1Fill Rate26 List of Abbreviations HCCBPL Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Private Limited CCI Coca-Cola India MD Market Developer AMC Area Market Controller RSU Ready Stock unitRGB Returnable Glass Bottle RED Right Execution Daily PJP Permanent Journey Plan CFA Carry & Forward Agents deity Glass on Deposit ROD Return on Deposit RTM Route to Market STL Sales Team Lead SKU Stock Keeping Unit Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY The Coca-Cola Company is the worlds largest beverage company operating in more than 200 countries. It has a portfolio of more than 300 beverage products including sparkling drinks and still beverages such(prenominal) as waters, juices and juice drinks, teas, coffees, sports drinks and energy drinks.The Coca-Cola Company was incorporated in 1892 and is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Coca-Cola originated as a soda fountain beverage in 1886 selling for five cents a glass. Early growth was impressive, but it was only when a strong bottling system developed that Coca-Colabecame the world-famous crisscross it is today. The companys beverages are served over 1. 6 billion times every day. The company operates afranchiseddistribution system. The Coca-Cola Company manufactures the concentrates, beverage bases and syrups which are then sold to variousbottlers by means ofout the world who hold an exclusive territory.The bottling partners play a critical role in the Coca-Cola system as the producers and distributors of nearly 500 beverage brands and they range from international and publicly-traded businesses to small family-owned operations, the vast majority of which are not owned or controlled by The Coca-Cola Company. The bottling partners are responsible for producing, packaging, distributing and merchandising the beverage products worldwide. Coke has relationships with three types of bottlers independently owned bottlers where the company has no ownership interest bottlers where the ompany has invested but has a non-controlling ownership interest and bottlers where the company has invested and has a controlling interest. Separate contracts, or bottlers agreements, exist between Coke and to each one of its bottlers regarding the manufacture and sale of Coke products. The Bottlers Agreements surpass the bottler to prepare designated Coke trademark beverages, package the drinks in authorized containers, and then sell the final product in an identified territory. Bottlers are obligate to grease ones palms all of their concentrates and syrups for designated Coke trademark beverages from the companys authorized suppliers 1. INTRODUCTION OF HCCBPL Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Private Limi tedis 100% company owned Bottler in India and reports directly to The Coca-Cola Company. It has 3 business regions, north, south and central, and operates out of 22 locations across India. The business model includes manufacturing the beverage, distribution and sales, trade marketing and market consummation. Coca-Cola was the leading soft drink brand in India until 1977 when it left rather than reveal its formula to the government and reduce its equity stake as required under the Foreign Exchange prescript Act (FERA) which governed the operations of foreign companies in India.After a 16- category absence, Coca-Cola returned to India in 1993, cementing its presence with a deal with Parle that gave Coca-Cola ownership of the nations top soft-drink brands and bottling network. Cokes acquisition of local anesthetic anaesthetic popular Indian brands including Thums Up, Limca, Maaza, Citra and Gold Spot provided not only physical manufacturing, bottling, and distribution assets but al so strong consumer preference. With access to 53 of Parles plants and a well set bottling network, an excellent base for the rapid introduction of the companys international brands was formed.This combination of local and global brands enabled Coca-Cola to exploit the benefits of global branding and global trends in tastes while also tapping into traditional domestic markets. Leading Indian brands joined the Companys international family of brands, including Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Sprite and Fanta. Coca-Cola operates through Company owned Bottling Operations (COBO) or Franchise Owned Bottling Operations (FOBO) which have demarcated territories. While HCCBPL is COBO, Moon and Enrich are FOBOs in the Delhi region.HCCBPL purchases the concentrates and beverage bases from Coca-Cola India (CCI) which is also responsible for local marketing and R&D apart from holding the concentrates. all(prenominal) action undertaken in Coca-Cola is in some way related to ensuring Activated Chilled Ava ilability of beverages to its consumers. activating refers to the communication to end consumers regarding the approachability of various SKUs of cold drinks and harm communication. Chilling refers to the availability of cooler/ice box which ensures that the product is served in a chilled form.Availability refers to make sure that the brand requested by the consumer is available at the outlet. Despite registering worlds broad(prenominal)est sales volume growth of 29 per cent in India, the per capita consumption of its beverages in India is currently at 11 servings a class (up from 7 servings a year in 2001) which is very less when compared to 600+ servings a year in Mexico. This when combined with Indias one billion plus population and an emerging middle class makes it one of the most coveted markets for soft drinks across the world. 1. SWOT ANALYSIS OF HCCBPL Strengths * Distribution Network With a number of efficient salesmen, over 700000 retail outlets and 8000 distributors , Coca-Cola has a reliable distribution network. * Focus on bore The Coca-Cola Companys internal global quality course of study keyed The Coca-Cola Quality System (TCCQS) not only covers environment management, but also takes into consideration other business aspects such as safety and loss Prevention (SLP), product quality, packaging quality, process capability improvement and customer satisfaction.Strict compliance with TCCQS, often rated as a program equivalent to the internationally reputed ISO 14001 System, has also enabled all the company-owned bottling plants in the country to successfully get the coveted ISO 14001 Certification from Det Norske Veritas (DNV). * Strong Brands People across the world slowly recognize Coca-Cola and Sprite, Fanta, Limca, thums Up and Maaza have a strong brand image across the country. Weaknesses Small Scale Sector Reservations The Companys operations are carried out on a small scale and due to Government restrictions the Company finds it very difficult to invest in technological advancements and achieve economies of scale. Opportunities * depression Per capita Consumption Despite registering strong growth in India, the per capita consumption in India is very less at 11 servings per year when compared with other countries like Mexico where it is 600+ servings per year and USA where it is 400+ servings per year. Large Untapped Domestic Market With one billion plus population and an emerging middle class, India is one of the most personable soft drink markets in the world. Threats * License Whenever the production capacity needs to be increased, the company will have to renew or update the go offdom which is a cumbersome process. This is because the production capacity is mentioned on the license. 1. 4 PROBLEM FORMULATION Distribution ( tail) is one of the four elements of the marketing mix and it plays a primaeval role in passing the product along the distribution channels.The products produced at the manufacturing pl ant (Dasna) reach the depots and from there they reach the end consumer either through a direct route (directly to customers) or an indirect route (passing through sub-distributors/wholesalers to customers). There is a huge demand for the soft drinks especially in summer and distribution system should be reliable to supply the soft drinks to customers as promised on a day-to-day basis. In the direct routes, MDs generate orders for various retail outlets and AMCs deliver the orders the next day.STL or Sales Executives overlook the MDs while RTM is responsible for the AMCs. There should be a strong co-ordination between these two departments if the distribution system was to be perfect as the MDs and AMCs are the frontline workers. However, not everything goes as planned and sometimes delivery does not happen to the retail outlets as promised. This is due to the presence of sure gaps in the distribution system. There is a need to identify these gaps and bridge them in order to improv e the distribution system and then the overall sales.The capacity of the distribution is measured in terms of Fill Rate. RED scores of the outlets is directly dependent on the Availability of products which accounts for 60 of the 100 points. So, the objective of the project includes identifying the gaps in the distribution system in direct routes by finding out the reasons for non delivery of products as per order received the previous day and introduce the surgical process of the AMCs in direct routes. For this specific study, only Dilshad Garden which caters to East Delhi has been taken into consideration.The direct routes serviced by Dilshad Garden depot have been studied and the performance of the AMCs has been analyzed. CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH PROBLEM 2. 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT In a company like HCCBPL where the products have a huge demand and are sold so fast that the retailers transmission lines need to be replenished on a daily basis, the distribution network assumes a huge sign ificance. MDs, AMCs and the availability of soft drinks ordered are the three of import aspects of the distribution system as far as direct routes are concerned and any shortcoming in any one of these leads to non delivery of products to the customers.These distribution gaps not only affect the Fill Rate but also affect the RED scores of the outlets. Hence identifying the distribution gaps and bridging these gaps is quite essential in improving the distribution network of the company. 2. 2 OBJECTIVES * To find out the reasons for non delivery of products to the outlets from the AMCs and cross check it with the outlets. * To identify the root cause of the persistent problems present in the distribution network and resolve them. * To monitor the performance of the AMCs in direct routes. 2. 3 PROJECT DELIVERABLES Root-cause abbreviation of the various issues identified in the distribution network. * Recommendations for bridging the distribution gaps in direct routes. * Fill Rates of the AMCs in direct routes 2. 4 CHALLENGES * The AMCs do not invariably cooperate when asked about the reasons for non delivery as they see it as being questioned for non performance instead of looking at it as an action necessary for settle the issues. * Some of the phone numbers of the outlets are switched off/ wrong numbers and this limited the ability to corroborate the reasons given by AMCs. 3. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY . 1 READY STOCK UNIT (RSU) METHOD Earlier Coca Cola used to follow Ready Stock Unit (RSU) manner. In this method each AMC (Salesman) carried a truck full of load to a predetermined area and went to each retail outlet and sold the load as per the requirement of the outlet and availability of different SKUs available on the vehicle. The drawback of such a method was that there was no accountability for the AMC and most of the outlets were left uncovered. In the RSU method, the salesman generated orders and delivered the products simultaneously. 3. 2 DRAWBACKS OF R SU METHODIn the RSU method the salesman had a virtual monopoly over the area that he visited. The salesman could sell all the beverages to just 3-4 outlets in the area and leave the rest of the retail outlets dry. If the relation between a retail outlet owner and the salesman soured it would pie-eyed that the retail outlet would find it very difficult to get Coke products. The retail outlet owners were mostly unaware of the schemes and give the axes offered by the company. There was no obligation on the part of salesman to distribute the products fairly among all the outlets in the area. . 3 PRE-SALE METHOD Pre-Sale method was introduced to bridge the gap between the company and its customers. A pre seller generates orders in advance after activating the outlet. He also communicates the schemes and promotional offers to the outlets. Delivery vehicles are starchy as per the orders leading to high vehicle capacity utilization and very less shortage of required SKUs to the retail ou tlets. The outlets in an area are divided among Tell Sell and MDs such that the orders are taken from the outlets depending on the volumes sold by them.Diamond yields are serviced more frequently than the Gold outlets, Gold Outlets more than Silver and Bronze ones. A Permanent Journey Plan(PJP) determines which outlets will be covered by the MDs and which ones by Tell Sell and on which days. All the MDs have a bun in the oven an MC35 machine with them and all these MC35s are integrated to a common server where each order can be tracked along with the time at which the order has been taken. 3. 4 RIGHT EXECUTION DAILY (RED) One of the key strengths of the company is its ability to directly reach its customers regularly.The sales people are consecrated to building strong and constructive relationships with every one of the various customers, including kiosks, grocery stores, convenience stores, hotels, restaurants, cafes, and bars among others. With such a diverse customer base the s ales force has to be highly specialized to understand how to best fulfill customers needs. In pursuit of excellence in marketplace execution, Coca-Cola has been implementing a program we call Right Execution Daily (RED).This program monitors, at the individual outlet level, how well the merchandising standards are implemented and maintained. Furthermore, it helps identify opportunities to make immediate improvements that support growth for both customers and the company. RED is just one part of the companys efforts to enhance revenue growth opportunities by optimizing the combination of brand, package and price for each consumption occasion. A closer partnership with the customers of the company helps drive a sustainable growth of the business.One of the key strengths of Coca-Cola is its ability to achieve quality in-store execution by having over 17,000 highly trained sales representatives regularly serving approximately 1. 5 million outlets. This direct interaction with customers gives the company a agonistical advantage in activating points of purchase and creating value for both customers and its own business. Working together with customers as one team translates into higher customer satisfaction and measurably improved performance. An analysis of the results helped identify key factors that affect shopping references and habits.Focusing on these factors, a set of solutions have been crafted such as repositioning the products on display or re-modeling the entire store, which resulted in better business and increased sales for the customers participating in the program. RED survey has been started in 2007. It adds value to customers and consumers through Excellence in Execution at the point of sale. For conducting RED survey, HCCBPL has hired ACNielsen Company, one of the best market research firms in the world. In the first week of every month, a monthly report on RED scores is sent to HCCBPL by ACNielsen.RED score is calculated for a total of 100 points out of which 60 points are for Availability, 25 for Cooling and 15 for Activation. 3. 5 DISTRIBUTION IN COCA-COLA The manufacturing of all the beverages catering to Delhi takes place in the Dasna manufacturing plant located in Ghaziabad, near Delhi. Dasna plant is completely owned by Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Private Limited. The beverages are then brought to the depots which are operated by Carry Forward Agents (CFA). There are three depots currently operating in Delhi located at Dilshad Garden (referred to as DG), Lawrence Road (referred to as LR) and Okhla.From the depot, the beverages reach the customers either through a direct route or an indirect route. If the trucks carry the beverages directly to the retail outlets as per the order given by these outlets the day before, it is referred to as Direct Route. If the beverages reach the retail outlets through a sub distributor or a wholesaler then it is referred to as an Indirect Route. A wholesaler operates from a single sh op and has low margin and a high turnover. The wholesaler is not confined by a fixed territory. In contrast, distributor and sub distributor have delimit territories.A distributor generally makes a huge investment and is committed to Coca-Cola where as a sub-distributor makes lesser investment and is not committed to Coca-Cola. He seeks out opportunities from other companies as well. Figure1 Distribution Network depicting direct and indirect routes Figure 2 Distribution Channels depicting flow of Fulls and Empties 3. 6 PROCESSES FOLLOWED 3. 6. 1 ORDER GENERATION Every day each MD gets an SMS in the first light which mentions which all SKUs and in what quantities are not available in the depot. So, ideally, the MD is not supposed to take orders for those SKUs.Each MD visits the outlets one by one as per the PJP and punches the order given by retail outlets into the MC35 machine that he carries with him. All the MC35s are integrated to a central server and each order can be traced f rom the system. The MD also explains the various discount schemes provided by Coca-Cola for the direct route retail outlets and is responsible for activation of the outlets. The MD is responsible for registering new outlets, taking down complaints regarding fridge disorders, filling the RED tracker sheet and pose the drinks in the visi-cooler as per the predefined arrangement. . 6. 2 ORDER INTEGRATION Every night the dump of all the orders is taken ColaNet which includes orders of MDs and orders taken through Tell Sell. This has details of Outlet DD Code, Outlet name, Outlet address, Order Code, Item Code, Quantity in cases and each, market area code, route id and sequence number among others. Using RoadNet these orders are separated according to the Route Ids and an AMC is assigned for each Route. RoadNet makes use of the information about vehicle capacities, sequence numbers and market area codes while allocating outlets to different routes. 3. 6. INVOICE AND SETTLEMENT When AMC comes for route ride next morning, his handle is loaded with the route details which will load details of outlets and orders into the handle. When the AMC delivers the drinks to any outlet, he prints an invoice and gives it to the outlet while retaining a copy of it with him. The AMC can only print invoices against the names of outlets in his particular route which are loaded in the handle and not against any other outlet. When a vehicle goes out of the depot in the morning with the load, a load sheet is printed against the AMC who is responsible for the vehicle.The load sheet includes the list of SKUs and quantities loaded into the vehicle. When the vehicle returns in the evening, a transmit sheet is printed which includes a list of all the drinks (SKUs and quantities) left on the vehicle when it is checked in. Also the number of asinine RGBs is matched with the number of Full RGBs that were loaded on the vehicle in the morning. Each AMC is give uped to report a breakage of 2 Em pties and 2 Fulls every day. Finally, the account of each AMC is settled taking all these into account. Glass on Deposit (GOD) Lets say an AMC delivered 1 crate (24 bottles) of 300ml Coca-Cola to an outlet named Sai Agency.Sai Agency only had 19 Empty bottles (also referred to as Empties) and agreed to pay for the rest of the bottles in cash. Then the AMC prints a GOD bill for 5 bottles (5*5=25Rs) and collects the summation from Sai Agency. If the number of exculpate bottles fall short when the vehicle checks in, the AMC will have to pay for these missing bottles from his own pocket. Return on Deposit (ROD) The next day if Sai Agency returned the 5 empty bottles, then that will reflect on ROD bill printed for those 5 bottles and Sai Agency gets back its 25Rs. 4. RESEARCH DESIGN 4. 1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThe delivery list for each route gives the list of outlets that should be covered on that day for delivery. Whenever delivery happens in an outlet an invoice is printed against that outlet for the list of items delivered and it includes the discount provided. 1) The first step is to identify which all outlets have not been covered for delivery by the AMC on that day. 2) A list of outlets against which invoices were printed when matched against the list of outlets in the delivery list for that route gives us the outlets where delivery has not happened on any given day. ) Establish the reason for non delivery in a particular outlet by avocation the concerned AMCs and by cross checking with the outlets if necessary. 4) Check if it is a one off incident or a repeat occurrence and take action accordingly. 5) Call stochastic outlets and check that the delivery happened to the correct outlet and that it was not a wrong delivery. 6) The performance of AMCs is measured by calculating Fill Rate for the corresponding routes. 7) The Fill Rate for all the direct routes combined is calculated to estimate the performance for that day in direct routes.A macro has been writ e to calculate AMC route wise fill rates saving time and effort. 4. 2 DATA COLLECTION The invoice history report gives the details as well as the summary of the invoices printed the previous day. The dump taken from ColaNet gives the details of the orders taken for the day both by the MDs and through Tell-Sell. Route Wise delivery sheet with details of orders, outlet wise can also be obtained through ColaNet. 4. 3 FINDINGSGAPS IN DISTRIBUTION 4. 3. 1 SKU availability Every morning the Market Developer (MD) gets an SMS stating which SKUs are not available in the depot so that the orders for those SKUs are not taken.However, sometimes it so happens that the SKUs that were expected to arrive on a day had not arrived but there are orders taken for that SKU by the MDs. When the orders are integrated in the night, these orders for the untouchable SKUs are changed into some other SKU that is available. When the AMC goes to the outlet the next day, chances are that the outlet owner decline s the delivery as it was not exactly what he ordered the previous day. Several orders get cancelled because of the alike reason and the AMC brings back all this leftover beverages as there are no takers and this affects his Fill Rate.Root Cause Although the MDs get an SMS stating the availability of SKUs, it might not always be accurate. Sometimes the SMS might come a bit too late in the day informing that there has been stock out in some SKU. It could also be sheer negligence on the part of MD while taking the order. The logic behind changing these orders for unavailable SKUs into some others those are available at the time of integration is that the outlet owners might just take any other SKU that is available given the high demand for cold drinks in general in summer.The outlet owners are expected to take any other SKU instead of getting nothing disrespect giving an order. However, what actually happened in the market was quite the contrary. The outlet owners are very particula r about the SKUs of cold drinks that they want and are not ready to budge. As a result most of the orders where there had been a change of order got cancelled and were brought back to the depot by the AMCs. This had a very bouffant impact on the Fill Rates in the direct routes.Recommendation When this issue had been brought to the notice of the depot bus, he had realized that this was indeed a major problem resulting in the cancellation of most of the orders and hence stopped changing the orders taken. So, if the orders requested for some SKU which was not available, it is just removed from the order instead of being changed to some other SKU. The implementation of this resulted in lesser cancellation of orders due to SKU availability problems and in better Fill Rates. 4. 3. 2 Stock out of Coca-ColaThe company offers several discount schemes in the direct routes and these schemes keep changing frequently. Generally, on every 1 crate of 300ml beverages of any SKU, two bottles are o ffered as free. By default, Coca-Cola bottles are offered as free for any SKU. This turns out to be a problem when there is a stock out of Coke bottles in the depot. When the AMC goes out for delivery and his handle is showing the scheme as giving out 2 free Coke bottles for 1 crate of Limca (300 ml), while actually Coke bottles are not available in the depot/on the vehicle, he cannot print the bill for that and hence the order gets cancelled.Root Cause It is learned that the person integrating the orders in the night is informed to make Coke as the default SKU for the free bottles of any other SKU. However, the frequently changing schemes and the changing stock availability in the depot mean that the person integrating the orders is not well equipped with necessary information regarding stock outs which gives rise to the problem. Recommendation A suggestion has been made to the depot manager to make a file containing details of stock availability and the details of schemes and sha re it in the common folder.The person who integrates the data needs to first check out this file to get a clear idea of the schemes and the availability of SKUs before proceeding to prepare the delivery lists. This way, if Coke were to be out of stock in the depot, say Limca or Thums Up whichever SKU is available could be given as free thereby eliminating the scheme problem. 4. 3. 3 Wrong Delivery Every morning before the AMC leaves the depot his handle is loaded for the particular route in which he goes.So AMC can only print invoices only against the names of the outlets appearance in the delivery list of his route and cannot print invoices against any other outlets. Sometimes it so happens that the AMC actually gives away some of the crates of drinks to some individual/outlet which is not in the delivery list and prints the invoice against one of the outlets in the delivery list even though he did not actually deliver the order of that outlet. This does not have any effect on the Fill Rate of the AMC as such but it affects the RED scores of those outlets where delivery did not happen as 60 points out of the total of 100 re for availability. Recommendation In order to prevent the wrong deliveries, some kind of acknowledgment is needed from the outlet owners which indicate that the AMC has actually visited the outlet and not skulkerd an invoice. It is not feasible to set aside one person just to call all the outlets and cross check the invoices at the end of each day in all the routes. It was suggested that the AMCs get the carbon copy of the invoices (that are brought back along with them) signed by the owners of the outlet.But, it was told that the outlet owners have a widespread perception that when they sign on the invoices, it would mean that they are taking the delivery on credit and hence that suggestion could not be implemented. Then it was suggested that the AMCs get the carbon copies of invoices stamped by the outlets to prevent fake invoices. How ever, even that suggestion could not be implemented as stamping the carbon copy of invoice is done only by the incentive parties and not by other outlets. As preventing wrong delivery is one crucial step in improving RED scores, another suggestion is to implement some kind of token system.When the MD visits each outlet for taking the orders, he can give a token which is collected by the AMCs the next day upon delivery to the outlets. This would also prevent wrong deliveries and fake invoices. 4. 3. 4 misuse to the vehicle There have been instances when the vehicle was vituperated mid way through the route or sometimes just as it moved out of the Dilshad Garden depot. There has also been an instance when the vehicle met with an accident and the AMC had to sit in police station for the rest of the day.In such situations, the rest of the outlets in the route do not receive any delivery which drastically affects both the Fill Rates of the AMCs and the RED scores due to non availabilit y of drinks. Recommendation A back-up vehicle needs to be maintained in the depot which can cover for the damaged vehicle when need arises. If the costs do not allow a spare vehicle to be maintained in the depot, at least a mechanic should be dispatched immediately to the location to rectify the damage as quickly as possible. 4. 3. 5 Shop ClosedOne most common reason given by the AMCs when delivery does not happen in some outlets is that the shop is closed. Upon cross checking with the outlet it is found that the shop was indeed closed. There are some specific areas where shops are usually closed on a particular day in the week. For example, in Murga Mandi area, most of the outlets remain closed on Tuesdays. Also most of the Dairies (like MAL Dairy in Madhu Nagar) remain closed through the afternoon and so any order for these dairies need to be delivered in the morning itself.Recommendation If it is known that the outlet remains closed on a particular day, then the MD should be aske d not to take the order for that outlet on the day before. For example, MD visiting Murga Mandi area should be given his every week off on Monday so that no orders will be due for delivery on Tuesday in the area when the outlets remain closed. Also when it comes to dairies, if it is feasible for the AMC to deliver the order of the dairy before afternoon without having to make a detour from his normal route, then it should be done so.If that were not feasible then the MD should be asked to stop taking orders from that particular dairy and it should be removed from the MDs PJP. Taking the order and not delivering it leads to both customer dissatisfaction and affects Fill Rate of the AMC as well. 4. 3. 6 Big Vehicle unable to reach outlets in small lanes There have been several instances of AMC complaining that the outlet could not be reached on the big vehicle as it is located in some small lane. There have been a few instances where the outlet belonged to some sub-distributors area and the MD still took the order.In one particular area (Krishna Nagar) there are several outlets on either side of the road where the vehicle could not be stopped for delivery and hence these outlets are supposedly being moved out of the direct route. Recommendation MD should be asked not to take orders from outlets belonging to some sub-distributor just to increase the number of orders taken. Trolleys need to be provided for the AMCs where the outlets are inaccessible. 4. 3. 7 AMC new to the route Most of the AMCs are experienced and have been firing in the same routes for quite some time now and are well aware of all the outlets featuring on the delivery list.However, there have been instances where an AMC is new to a particular direct route and is not well aware of the location of the outlets. The AMC could be a one off replacement for the AMC regularly going in that area or he could be new to direct routes. In such cases, it has been observed that the AMCs do not take pains of calling the MDs for finding out the location of the outlets which they could not find. They just return all the orders for the outlets they do not find. Thus when a new AMC goes in a direct route an abysmal drop in the Fill Rate for that route has been observed.Narender Sharma is a case in point for the Dilshad Garden depot. Recommendation The AMCs should be made to call the MDs in case they are not able to find the location of any outlet. The AMCs should have the numbers of the MDs of that particular routes and it should be made clear that not being able to locate any outlet is not a good enough reason to not deliver the order for that outlet. 4. 3. 8 talk through ones hat orders Most of the times the outlet owners just reject the delivery saying that they havent given any order in the first place the previous day or that they have ordered for a different SKU than what appears in the delivery list.When the outlet owner says that he has not given any order the previous day it could mean one of the two things. First, the outlet owner is lying as he does not want to take the delivery due to some other reason like not having enough money or already having enough stock in his cooler. Second, the MD has punched in a fake order. A fake order means that the MD has not visited the outlet the previous day but has punched in some random order under the outlet just to meet his target for the day in terms of the number of crates.When an order gets cancelled due to any of these reasons, it is the function of AMC to confront the MDs for taking fake orders and inform the STL concerned that the MD has taken a fake order. If this communication does not happen, then there is no other way for STLs to come to know of fake orders being taken by MDs. Recommendation It is already suggested that the AMCs call MD/STL without fail when the outlet rejects the delivery. However, this has not been enforced properly and the AMCs are not following these instructions despite repeatedly ask ing them to do so.The AMCs should be strictly warned to comply with the procedure so that fake orders can be minimized and Fill Rate can be improved. 4. 3. 9 Miscellaneous reasons Upon close observation, some outlets have been identified where there have been persistent issues for quite a while and delivery in these outlets did not happen for months together. Some of the issues include problem with scheme, replacement and incentive party. For example, for the outlet named Shaheen locomote located in Mayur Vihar Phase1, there has been a problem with the discount scheme right from the beginning.Still, orders are taken for that outlet every other day even though delivery does not happen. This affects the fill rate of the AMC going in that route. Recommendation These kinds of outlets need to be singled out and issues resolved one by one. The responsibleness to identify the problems should rest with the AMC because he is the one who gets to know of the problem. Instead of just ignoring it, the AMC should be asked to report such issues to the STLs concerned so that the problem can be resolved once and for all. CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSThe following table gives the Fill Rates in the direct routes in Dilshad Garden depot for the given dates. Date Direct Route Fill Rate 4/29/2010 65. 38208 4/30/2010 76. 58787 5/1/2010 78. 9128 5/3/2010 71. 20842 5/4/2010 71. 97019 5/5/2010 72. 72874 5/6/2010 75. 89733 5/7/2010 70. 40817 5/9/2010 75. 67431 5/10/2010 78. 7004 5/11/2010 72. 59727 5/12/2010 74. 52693 5/13/2010 68. 4801 5/14/2010 74. 24813 5/15/2010 80. 77308 5/16/2010 81. 0852 5/17/2010 74. 33275 5/18/2010 80. 26975 5/19/2010 82. 7375 5/20/2010 80. 17823 /21/2010 75. 66602 5/23/2010 81. 29576 5/24/2010 80. 03314 Figure 3 Graph depicting the variations in fill rate for direct routes It can be observed that the fill rate for the direct routes has increased from mid 70s to 80s with one-off variations. A simple average of the fill rates for the four weeks shows a gen eral increasing trend. Figure 4 Graph showing the overall increasing trend in Fill rate calculated as simple average week wise The simple average is calculated by taking an average of the fill rates of direct routes for each weeks data.This shows a general increasing trend with the average fill rate increasing from around 72% in the first week of May to around 80% by the end of 3rd week. A simple average of the fill rates of the AMCs within this duration is as follows AMC Name Fill Rate* Kalyan Singh 88. 37654 Ashok Sharma 87. 76629 DK Sharma 85. 03183 Uday Singh 84. 6047 Sajan padiyar 82. 70731 Rakesh Kumar 77. 69646 AK Shukla 77. 00473 CP Shukla 75. 74619 Suraj Sawaria 74. 75485 Laxman Singh 71. 65821 Kapil malhotra 69. 60537 Rajesh Tiwari 66. 83779 Narender Sharma 61. 06509This indicates that Kalyan Singh has been performing most consistently from among the AMCs going in the direct routes. It has been observed when on a route ride with Kalyan Singh that he maintains a very good relationship both with the outlet owners in the area and with the MD responsible for the area. Narender Sharma has more often been a replacement for some other AMC and not regular for the direct route which shows in his Fill Rate. CHAPTER 6 RECOMMENDATIONS 1) If the orders request for some SKU which is not available, it should be just removed from the order instead of being changed to some other SKU. ) If Coke is out of stock in any of the quantities, the discount scheme should be suitably modified so that a problem does not arise while printing invoice with the handle at the time of delivery by AMC. 3) IN order to prevent wrong delivery, some kind of token system where the outlet owner acknowledges receipt of products from the AMC needs to be implemented.4) In order to prevent complete loss of sales in a route due to vehicle damage, a backup vehicle should to be maintained at the depot. ) If it is known that some outlets are closed on particular days of the week, MDs should be aske d not to take orders for those outlets the day before. 6) Trolleys need to be supplied to AMCs in order to reach certain outlets which are located in small lanes where the vehicle cannot reach the outlet. 7) The process of calling MDs/STLs when order gets cancelled due to rejection from outlets should be enforced strictly.REFERENCES http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company http//www. thecoca-colacompany. om/ourcompany/the_cocacola_system. html http//www. coca-colaindia. com/aboutus/aboutus_ccindia. aspx APPENDIX 1 Fill Rate Fill Rate is a measure of the amount of order delivered versus the amount of order initially received for a given day. Calculation Number of crates of order delivered / Number or crates of order received employment The total order received in a route for a given day is 100 crates. However, only 80 crates of beverages have been delivered in that route on that day. Then the fill rate for that route is given as 80/100 or 80%.

Technological Advances and their Effects on Media of Art

Some people find comfort in being involved in trick. For them, their creations are the product of self-expressions that gather in no new(prenominal) better way of being expressed than through art. Some feel that they connect to the world or to their surroundings and arouse feelings through art. at that place may be some people whose passions center on art. For whatever reasons, art has become one of the areas where changes took place. Particularly, the media of art changed through the legion(predicate) technological advances that were introduced into the public. graphics can be defined in many ways.There were traditional and contemporary definitions of art (Adajian). Generally, art refers to creative human endeavors. It likewise refers to any product of a creative impulse. Although it usually refers to visual arts, art also includes music, plastic arts, performing arts, and decorative arts. Moreover, art has many forms, including music, sculpture, painting, literature, performa nce art, drawing, and architecture. With the changing times and new technologies, art has included other forms such as conceptual art, computer art, photography, comics, video art, and flash (WordIQ).All of these forms of art evolved as the world slowly became modernized. Recent technological advances have also placed great burden on some of the traditional media of art such as pencil and canvas. Many people think that on with hi-tech devices such as computer and camera, the use of pencil, coloring materials, ink or paint would become obsolete. Other technological advances that affected the media of art allow be discussed as follows. The Quantel Paintbox The Quantel paintbox, which was launched in 1981, is a computer system which aids in manipulating video and in creating graphics.Through Quantel paintbox, the production of television graphics was further lay down and improved. Quantel paintbox can now be run on workstations, unlike before when only hardware can run it. Moreov er, professionals use Quantel paintbox up to this day for TV production. It was used extensively in creating artwork for the Painting With Light, which was a 1986 BBC series. Additionally, the Quantel was used in Arte, a European Network which created original TV designs. There were also new designs made for Quantel, namely the Paintbox, Paintbox gQ, and QPaintbox (BroadcastEngineering).Computer Computer impacted the media of art in such a way that no traditional art media is needed to create art. For instance, with just the mouse, an artist can create cartoons and visual effects, unlike before when artists really must use pencil and paper. Artists before used materials for creating a film and sometimes these materials were unstable. For instance, images were placed in cels, or sheets of clear plastic. To avoid creating brushstrokes, colors must be manually painted from the back of the cel.Artists also used substances such as cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate during the early 1900s. But today, artists are spared from exploitation materials that decompose (Worth). Moreover, the ease of using computer and saving the works in it is an gain that traditional medium cannot compete with. An artist can check use of visual or special effects with just a few clicks. A lyricist can write his songs in the computer. There is even software which allows the recording of songs. The invention of the computer has encouraged artists to use it for art purposes.Animation Software We substantiate it on movies. From The Lion King to Bolt. There are even movies where humans and cartoon characters were incorporated as though the world of humans and that of the cartoons are one. give thanks to animation softwares that are of much help, everything can be possible today. The implementation of animation softwares among artists has also affected the media of art in major ways. With these softwares, it is much easier for artists to make animations. However, traditional media of a rt is still used.For instance, an artist creates a storyboard using pencil before the give awayput can be fed into the computer for further changes or improvements. In another instance, character designs are created first by animators or artists. Then these designs would be produced on Model Sheets (or photographic stats) before distribution to the other artists (Worth). Camera Camera was first invented in 1841 by Joseph Nicephore Niepce. It has evolved from the machine that only takes images from the dark to the high-tech ones today (ShotAddict). With the invention of the camera, photography became the in thing.As time passed by, many more persons added features to the first camera. There was the invention of film, and now there are digital cameras which do not use films. It is also much easier to print out pictures taken by a digital camera. With the appearance of digicams, the traditional cameras slowly become obsolete, although there are still some artist which prefer using on es that they can manipulate Paints From the paints that were used on canvas, now there are paints that can be used for clothing, foils, and specialty papers.With these paints, artists can turn any straightaway surface into printable surface. These paints have affected paint as a traditional medium of art because now paints are not only special to paper or canvas (ArtMedia). With the fast paced world, art has been under a lot of changes, particularly in its media. Pencils, markers, paints and the other materials that were used before were now substituted with more hi-tech materials such as computer, camera, and animation softwares. However, despite the technological advances, art has always been there and man continually seek art.

Voter

Voter ignorance and special interests often result to bad policy-choices and erroneous policy devising processes. In a democracy, where tidy sums votes are important, policy-choices are largely affected by whatever haywire or right information people may have as regards issues. Unfortunately, yieldes and misinformation are rampant among people, especially among voters.The problem is that, instead of correcting these biases, politicians tend to play them up to acquire votes. Many of these biases come from the compass of economicals, a field which is very important to voters be motive of its effect in the quality of peoples lives. Four of these biases are discussed by Bryan Caplan in his article, The Myth of the quick of scent Voter. They are the anti-market bias, anti-foreign bias, make-work and the pessimistic bias.The Anti-Market Bias may be characterized as a bias against capitalism and free-market itself, or at least most of their features. The explained cause of this bias is usually the fact that actors in a free-market model of economy are all profit-seekers. This attri only ifion of self-interest pass alongs birth to a prejudice that no socially-beneficial outcome may possibly result from a free market (See Caplan, 2007, p.7). The result is a tendency to underestimate the economic benefits of market mechanism (Caplan, 2007, p.7), such as the effect of competition in lowering hurts, savings and maximization of resources or efficacy.There are many variations of the anti-market bias. One of them is to equate market payments with transfers, while ignoring their fillip properties (Caplan, 2007, p.8). Under this, a profit is seen to be earned by the rich, at the expense of the poor, as if there is no exchange of value that happened. It ignores the fact that pelf are not acquired without doing something, and that an increase in profits is often a result of increasing efficiency in the use of resources. The second is the monopoly theories of price. Under this variation, price is seen as a function of the decision, mood and agreement among CEOs and other similar persons, without giving due regard to the interaction between depict and demand. (Caplan, 2007, p. 9)The Anti-Foreign Bias is an argument towards protectionism. Under this, foreigners are often seen as a source of economic downfall. Whatever the reason, foreigners supposedly have a special baron to exploit locals (Caplan, 2007, p. 11). They are often used as scapegoats for all economic problems that may exist such as lack of jobs, high price of goods and others. This bias may have brought about by a similar theory between a profit-seeker individual and a poor buyer from the point of bring in of the anti-market bias.A rich state, in the same manner as a rich man, is supposed to be a plain abounding in currency and to heap up gold and silver in any country is supposed to be the best way to enrich it (Caplan, 2007, p. 12). The assumption is that no country may be bet ter off without making another country less off. The problem with this belief is that it ignores the benefit of an open market from the point of ken of comparative advantage. Under the theory comparative advantage, all countries will be better off if they all specialize. Even a country that is less fertile compared to other countries in all products may benefit from specializing. It is more expensive to try producing all products for consumption rather than in specializing in some and merchandise for the others (Caplan, 2007, p. 11-12).The Make-Work Bias refers to the conflict between the businesses and economists desire to minimize waste of resources caused by paying for unneeded or inefficient labor and the belief that, to chance on economic growth, people need to be employed. The general tendency is to underestimate the benefits of conserving labor (Caplan, 2007, p. 13). Often, the rate of unemployment is seen as an indicator of economic growth. The policy is often to give jo bs to more people.This is despite the fact that the same amount of jobs are required to be done. Employment is increased at the expense of efficiency (Caplan, 2007, p. 13). Instead of essay to increase employment by increasing the GNP through efficient use of resources, the work of one is divided between two or ternion people, making each of them less productive (Caplan, 2007, p. 13). The result is a prospect for prosperity for the individuals who are able to obtain the jobs and a decrease in efficiency and growth for the whole economy.Pessimistic Bias refers to the peoples negative, or even cynical beliefs, about economic conditions or growth. The general rule, as observe by Caplan (2007), is that the public believes economic conditions are not as good as they really are (p. 16). There may be advances in the economy, but they are taken for granted by people. In times of minimal economic growth, the perception is not of growth, but of stagnation. The problem with this is that, in terms of over-all economic growth, progress is so gradual that a few pockets of decay hide it from the public view (Caplan, 2007, p. 17).To measure whether an economy has actually achieved growth, it is best to compare the give up condition to that of a distant past (Caplan, 2007, p. 16). Moreover, over-all success is not often observable across the whole country. There are some areas where economic conditions may not be good. However, these isolated instances of economic regression give rise to a suspicion that the riches and industry of the whole are decaying (Caplan, 2007, p. 17), when the reality is that the country is experiencing economic growth as a whole. It is also common for the pessimistic rhetoric to idealize conditions in the more distant past in format to put recent conditions in a negative light (Caplan, 2007, p. 16).This is a good way to emphasize economic decline. This is a nostalgic way of consider things wherein the lament is always that things are better in t he past, prices are cheaper, living is simpler, but better and others. Increase in prices and living standards are emphasized, while the determine exchanged for such increases are ignored such as improvements in goods and services (See Caplan, 2007, p. 17).As Caplan has stated in this article, these biases show that people do not stop the invisible hand of the market, with its ability to harmonize private greed and the public interest (See Caplan, 2007, p. 1). For the uninformed public, free market is the enemy. This belief translates into the policies that are adopted in a democracy. Since the power is now given to the people, policy choices by candidates are geared towards pleasing them. The best way to acquire votes is not to go against the wrong beliefs of people and to correct them, but to play up the same beliefs and use them to ones own advantage.ReferenceCaplan, Bryan. The Myth of the Rational Voter why Democracies Choose Bad Policies.

Capital Punishment Annotated Bib

Chinmaya Sharma Field LNG 406 25 January 2011 Capital Punishment Just An An nonated Bibliography Capote, Truman. In Cold Blood A True Account of A five-fold Murder and Its Consequences. New York Vintage, 1994. Print. Crowe, Robert E. Should Capital Punishment be Retained? Pro. congressional Digest Aug. 1927 228+. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. Crowe believes the primary benefit of roof penalisation is its usefulness in deterring any succeeding(a) criminal acts, particularly murders. He asserts the death penalisation is the only(prenominal) punishment equal in value to the murders or other annoyances for which great punishment is sentenced. tour attacking the United States government for its lack of criminal regulation, Crowe suggests capital punishment go away instill fear in criminals and make them think twice before committing a violent crime. He states this fear of punishment is what protects citizens from the wrath of brutal murderers who, without the death penalisation, would believe they have nought to fear. Crowe proclaims someone who tries to nullify the death penalty in court is hampering the progress of the American government and is keeping the rest of society in danger.As the oblige continues, Crowe concurs that the feeling of being on the jury of a murder trial is one of the most difficult as you hold the life of a soulfulness in your hands. However, he believes people have the best interest of their society in mind. Crowe uses Chicago as an example of how capital punishment as resulted in the decrease in murders and other crimes. Throughout the rest of the word, Crowe discusses how the life of the victim is forever lost and the punishment should be proportionate to the rime, how even those who are deemed imperious should be sentenced to the death penalty for the better of society, and how there is proof of capital punishment deterring further crime. Crowes analysis of capital punishment and its justification i s thorough, only if only thorough in one aspect. The former focuses only on the deterring effect the death penalty has on crime and other murderers. His selective information is credible, exactly seems to be more focused on appealing to the emotions rather than stating blatant facts. The source of this term is a congressional magazine.Therefore, staying within the limits of the slight bias, the information is approach path from a credible source and should be valuable for my research and debate.. Due to the article dating back to the 1920s, the statistics and facts of this article may not be accurate. While some of my other research has focused on addressing counter-arguments, this article solidifies one strong point. Crowes argument revolves around the deterring effect of capital punishment on murders. Therefore, this article will propose a basis for my analysis of the societal results of the death penalty.I will alike use the statements made by Crowe slightly(predicate) how it is the moral duty of the justice system to protect and provide for the citizens for the country. By leaving these murders and criminals alive, he believes we are putting the rest of society at essay. This article will demonstrate to be invaluable when addressing some of the issues much(prenominal) as societal safety and the overall effects of capital punishment on future criminal acts. Franklin, H. Bruce. Billy Budd and Capital Punishment. American Literature. Web. 02 Feb. 2011. . History Early World and American Death Penalty Laws. Death Penalty. Web. 02 Feb. 2011. . Johnson, Robert, and Sandra Smith. Life Without Parole, Americas new(prenominal) Death Penalty. The Prison Journal. Sage Publications. Web. 30 Jan. 2011. . Life without parole is examined as a form of death penalty. The agents declare how life without parole is a full-strength life punishment because the prisoners must live their lives cunning that they will never be allowed out. The two interview many o f the prisoners and prison officers to understand the conditions, both mentally and physically, of the prisons in which these criminals stay.Smith and Johnson indicate the conditions of the prisons are ideal because they include forage, a bed, recreation and many other commodities. The true impact comes from the emotional turmoil from knowing that the prison is where they will die. While many assume the life without parole prisoners must be a threat to society within and outside of the prison, the authors prove the emotional impact changes the criminals and makes them more respectable people The article also shows how these people feel so lonely and that is why life without parole is a viable alternative for the death penalty.Overall, this source will probably be the least used source out of my entire bibliography. I chose this source when I knew that my part of the argument would be about the conditions of prisons. However, the article does satisfy the part of my argument that sho ws how the prisons of these criminals are actually in perfect condition and how the prisoners enjoy the conditions charm living there. Robert Johnson and Sandra Smith both work at large universties and are publishing a significant article. Therefore, I believe this article is reliable and the information should be credible.The goal of the source is to show how life without parole is not as good as eachone believes it is. The source is objective because it shows both good and expectant aspects of prison. I will use this source to help prove my point about the condition of the prisons. Johnson and Smith both indicate how the conditions are fantastic with food and recreation. These conditions are better than many of the conditions of people living in America. I will also utilize the first-hand account of one of the prisoners to back up my argument.It will fit perfectly into the body of my argument by shaping how I explain how tax-payers money is furnishing a lavish living style of t hese criminals compared to what they were in before. Hopefully, this order will help convince people that the minor cost difference that may occur at times between life without parole and capital punishment is miniscule when considering the broader aspect. Sharp, Dudley. Death Penalty Paper. Pro-death Penalty. Web. 30 Jan. 2011. . Sharps article assesses every aspect of the capital punishment argument.He starts by indicating how the anti-death penalty movement has overwhelmed the debate and has filled peoples minds with lies which have no substantial evidence. He states how capital punishment is the only punishment which fits the amplitude of the crime. When addressing the risk of a innocent man being executed, he explains how the statistics given by most people are incorrect. In the United States, there have only been a minute amount of cases where an innocent man was executed. Sharp illustrates the lack of mistakes involving the death penalty.Sharp continues to summarize how the death penalty is a deterrent to crime and how this fact is conclusive and irrefutable. He also states how capital punishment makes American society a safer place to live. Throughout the rest of the article, Sharp talks about a variety of topics including race and the death penalty, cost of capital punishment versus life without parole, death penalty procedures and the relation between Christianity and capital punishment. Sharps analysis of every argument makes this article absolutely perfect for the debate supporting capital punishment.For every point he makes, he provides a resource and occasionally a justification if numbers should be altered. Since this site is primarily about supporting capital punishment, a small bias maybe evident in his writing. He seems to be a credible source because he works as the Death Penalty Resources Director at Justice For All. I think his article could be used for a variety of purposes because he encompasses all of the major points supporting capita l punishment. He frequently takes information from the Death Penalty cultivation Center, reinforcing his credibility.I think this article will be valuable to be because of the statistics and information it uses to show how capital punishment is actually cheaper then life without parole. contrary most of the other sites I have looked at, it actually provides calculations step by step and justification if certain numbers are only estimates and how these estimates were made. Sharp does not leave any part of the argument with a weak end. Since my argument is the cost between death penalty and life without parole, this article will close to suffice as all I need.I believe it will be very difficult to refute evidence which is so precise such as the information Sharp has provided. This article will help show that the death penalty is cheaper than life without parole. Stanton, Edward C. Should Capital Punishment be Retained? Pro. Congressional Digest Aug. 1927 232+. Academic Search Comp lete. EBSCO. Web. 25 Jan. 2011. Stantons article assesses each specific argument made by people supporting the abolishment of capital punishment and provides a logical and complete rebuttal.After reviewing past articles and statements made by these abolitionists, Stanton states that most of these people are sentimentalists who have completely battered the minds of readers into a state of submission. Through the use of two court cases in the past few years in which murderers were given a lighter sentence than they deserved, the author reiterates sentimentalists brainwash and destroy the backbone of juries. Furthermore, Stanton provides statistics demonstrating the increase of homicides in the United States.Stanton declares most of the sentimentalists lack experience dealing directly with murders which makes their statements difficult to believe. Throughout the rest of the article, the author indicates several of the arguments these sentimentalists put onwards and counters with his o wn support of capital punishment. Stanton includes counter-arguments against all of the following choosing life-imprisonment over capital punishment, giving opportunities to the criminals, capital punishment being a practice of the past, and the chance of having an innocent person convicted and executed.Stanton provides a substantial and thorough analysis of why capital punishment should be maintained as a policy in the United States. His information seems credible as he uses several statistics and court cases to reinforce his statements. Stanton may be slightly biased because he has dealt with murders in the past, but this also contributes to his authenticity. The information is quite reliable as it comes from a congressional magazine. This article primarily focuses on telling the complete trueness about capital punishment and convincing people capital punishment is a just form of punishment.Stanton tries to eliminate the flowery and false information sentimentalists provide for re aders. The only negative aspect of this article is it dates back to the 1920s. Therefore, the statistics cannot be used for present-day. Stantons article on capital punishment satisfies one of the requirements for my debate. He provides an issue for many of the points the other team may use. The article shapes how I will write my rebuttal by providing information which would counter most of the arguments put forth by those arguing capital punishment as an unjust form of punishment.Stanton solidifies my view that capital punishment deters criminals from committing the worst crimes because they fear the death penalty. He also addresses the fear of executing people are innocent of a crime. Since the chance of a false conviction is so small, any doubt that the death penalty is a proper form of punishment for those criminals with unforgiveable crimes should be forgotten. Stantons views coincide with my own and provide a solid base for a rebuttal in the debate.

Environmental Pressures for Change Essay

Of the environmental pressures for transpose, I look at hyper competition and market decline were the pressures experienced by Intel. The reason I believe this is because in the case study Barrett talked about its rival Micro Devices and how he felt the competitiveness that was among them. In the reading it states, Barrett felt that in this competitive and segment market, Intel needed to be reorganized to make it more nimble (Palmer et.al, 2009). When you think about it, some of the greatest challenges that are faced by leaders of immediately are the ability to stay competitive.There are constant disruptions that can be seen and it is up to the company to avoid them or keep them under control. Barrett recognized that he needed to make a move so his competition would not run over him. In the study, reorganization was a main intimate as Barrett was involved in many during his first three years. I believe Barrett saw this reorganization as a way to get forrader of the competition and to look at new opportunities. In reference to market decline, Barrett and Intel tried to handle what was happening. Since 9/11 the industry was affected in a major way, and the decline of the economy was one of the big reasons. Intel was now getting worried about Micro Devices being able to produce a scurrying chip. Internal Pressures for ChangeBased on the internal presures at Intel, I feel that growth was the one Barrett was facing. From the case study, Barrett was consistently dealing with internal pressure. He was always trying to reorganize his projects and some employees were seeing that he was starting many projects without completing the ones that he started. It was being referred to as shuffling execs like card game (Palmer et. al, 2009). While dealing with the growth change, Barrett had intentions to change some of the culture that the company was all about. In my opinion he saw growth as a way to renew his job satisfaction. Even though this was not a new organizatio n, I think Barrett felt that he would try and bring a different type of feel to the companyone that would allow for the internal challenge of growth to be met head on. Limits to ChangeI believe thither are limits to the change that can be accomplished at Intel due to the fact that Barrett was taking on and trying to incorporate too many changes without future(a) through on a single one. In his own mind I feel he was always trying to reach that next nursing home that would take Intel to the top of software. What I feel he did not understand was when you are dealing with limits to change at Intel, it has to involve the decision making police squad as a whole. At that point different members of the team are there to handle the limits to change with proper communication. They do this by answering questions as well as the objections before they are put into effect. If this is not completed with good communication, then there will be a struggle for change which limits organizations in a poor way. Managers and the Pressures that Lead to ChangeFor managers and leaders alike, pressure that lead to change could sometimes be overwhelming. To have a understanding of the pressures a manager must accept that change needs to be an effective system that the cuture of the organization embraces from the start. A reason for this is to keep the motivation at a high level at the same time knowing what drives your employees to reach that level. Change is stressful enough but when you incorporate it into the workforce, it gets even more challenging. That is wherefore having a clear and personal understanding of the pressures why allow managers to manage the pressures that lead to change.Responding to the challenges is what employees do well, and it is the change that can rasie doubt throughout the workplace. Motivation continues to be a key factor that gives managers an upper hand when it comes to having success with an organization. Lack of motivation will prove costly in the e nd and envitably lead to pressures fof change. virtually people are motivated by the same types of things, whether it is success, happiness or money. To manage the pressure for change, senior leaders need the commitment or steal in from the staff in order for an effective change to occur.ReferencesPalmer, I., Dunford, R., & Akin, G. (2009). Managing Organizational Change. New York Mcgraw-Hill Irwin.