Disputes and Problems at Work

Questions: 1. Assess the reason for Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and, with specific reference to the administrations gave by Acas, survey how much it is an effective methods for settling debates outside the formal legal procedure? 2. Clarify why European Union law outweighs local law in the United Kingdom? Answers: 1. Elective debate goals pace of accomplishment: Presentation: Elective debate goals framework is system and method which attempt to determine the question between parties out of the court (Davidson, 2000). This is more adaptable and rapid procedure than court continuing. This procedure has different advantages. In the event of question identifying with business or debate among worker and manager it is powerful. Various associations are currently a days especially worry about the Alternative debate goals in light of its advantages. By and large workers in their agreements incorporate this season of provision to determine question through the mediation methodology. Typically the arrangement, intervention and discretion techniques are applied if there should arise an occurrence of business related issues. Nullification is the best strategy where two gatherings move their remain at any rate somewhat that the debate between them can be resolve (Murray et al., 1996). The worker's guilds played out a basic job in administration related issues. Associa tions like ACSAS performed very well in settling debate between the business and worker however the elective question goals framework. Question goals for debate emerged among representative and manager ACAs see: As indicated by this association there are a few reasons for the question in the work place. The question in work spot can be emerge between laborer with other specialist or between laborer or director and so forth the principle reasons are unfairness identifying with treatment, deficiency in preparing, deficient workplace, inconsistent treatment between the representatives, disturbances, over-burden work pressure and so on (Acas.org.uk, 2015). This arrange give some arrangement that can limit the issue. The issues can be settled by naming supervisor with sound administration power, by empowering the representatives for their great work, decrease the overabundance work pressure which will improve the quality , obviously clarify the business contract and determine the question goals gathering on that respect. This discussion has two distinct kinds of administrations for debate goals. Initial one is singular question and second one is aggregate debate. Singular debate implies one repre sentative has issue with the business. For this sort of questions Alternative debate goals is perhaps the best arrangement. Before heading off to any business court it is smarter to determine the contest however intervention or assertion. It is increasingly modest and quick technique and less formal. The pacification technique should be possible in certain stages like preceding document the grumbling to the business council it tends to be settled through the appeasement system or through other ADR methodology. By this both gathering can delegate their conciliator with the assistance of ACAS or like beginnings. ACAS urge the gathering to determine their debate through the casual method to question goals (Acas.org.uk, 2015). For individual consistent there are 3 arrangements: early mollification, intervention and mediation. Intercession is additionally an exceptionally fitting strategy in such manner. The gatherings can choose a middle person who is a free individual and can help unbi asedly in this circumstance. At least one go between can likewise be named and the middle people can counsel without anyone else and articulate arrangement on the contested issues. Middle people are knowledgeable with law and master in the topic so they can give better answer for the contest. The arrangement of this intercession methodology is legitimately official in nature so in this manner parties will undoubtedly keep up the arrangement brought about from the intervention technique. The working environment intercession is a lot of accommodating in keeping up the connections and keeping up the workplace (Acas.org.uk, 2015). Various information shows that 80% of debates are settled by the intercession procedure in the work place. Discretion is where an unprejudiced individual called authority is delegated to determine the debate. The judges are extremely skilled people to determine debates and take minimized choice in regards to the contest. The referee will heard shower the side of representatives and bosses at that point take the choice in an unprejudiced manner. The arbitral honor has its coupling power towards the gatherings like court strategy. So intervention can be the best answer for question settlement. If there should arise an occurrence of aggregate contest there are methodology of aggregate pacification, intercession and assertion. Aggregate debate implies when a gathering of workers documented an objection against business. For aggregate pacification for the most part worker's guild assumes a marvelous job in question goals. Be that as it may, most extreme cases it was seen that they cannot reach to any arrangement in such manner. It a fair-minded individual is named then it gives considerably more powerful methods of debate goals. For the most part aggregate discretion when invalidation fizzled between the business and representatives. Assertion is exceptionally fast path and ACAS can promise it inside 21days. Inside this period at that point will give cure through assertion strategy. Aggregate intercession is a procedure which is useful for the association to determine debate with their workers. A fair competent outsider will tune in to the issue and settle the contest in most ideal manner. Intercession method begins just when the gatherings are consent to go for intervention. On the off chance that they concur willfully, at that point the choice of the intervention technique is official on them. Case: There was a milestone contest goals case through the ACAS concerning business related issues. The case was from Thomas Keating ltd. They contact with ACAS for the debate emerging out of the issue identifying with yearly compensation. An aggregate appeasement administration was given by the organization by exceptionally prominent and competent conciliators. Senior staffs and the administrators participate in this placation method and after in the meeting. After this the contest was settled in a suitable way and both the questioning gatherings are glad. This strategy help a ton to keep the workplace appropriately and one next to the other determination the debate as well. Significance of Alternative Dispute Resolution: There is no uncertainty that elective question goals frameworks are turned out to be significant in present day period. Most extreme cases identifying with working environment issues are settled by the ADR. The explanation is that the associations dont need to go for the durable court techniques. The court systems are exorbitant as well. So workers additionally inspired by ADR. Debates and case for the most part notoriety the situation of the organization or association, however ADR keep up the classification of the issue. So the organizations are keen on settling debate through ADR. In most extreme cases it was seen that ADR settled the question in such a way, that both the gatherings are profited by the choice. Numerous cases settled in exchange stage. Both the gatherings change their position a little and get the advantage of the settlement of the question outside the court. Clearly court choices are all the more official in nature however it require some investment and cost. Elec tive Dispute Resolution is a framework which causes a ton to keep up the connection between the business and worker just as help to keep up the great workplace. Expedient cures are constantly invited by all the associations so it is on the whole correct to express that corresponding to work related contest elective debate goals is the best and real procedure to determine the issues. 2. Incomparability of EU laws: Work lawof United Kingdom controls the affiliations encompassed by representatives, business and associations of the representatives that are exchange union.The laborers of UK enjoy diverse work rights,which are started from an assortment of Acts, strategy and basic laws. This includes the option to least compensation that is of 6.50 for each worker who is over the period of 21year as referenced in theNational Minimum Wage Act 1998 (Lewis, 1986).TheWorking Time Regulations 1998provide the privilege for having 28 paid occasions, parts from work, and exertion to get help from incredibly expanded working movements. ThePensions Act 2008provides the option to be intuitively enrolled in a basicindustrial stipend after retirement. The Equality Act 2010provides that workers are not nonsensically exposed to separation of the premise of their sexual classification, social gathering, sexual inclinations, and mentality, accepts and so forth, while bosses should definitely give the requirements o f genuinely provoked individuals to save them from social segregation. Extra than private rights, all the staffs reserve the option to add their view as to proclamation about their privileges as far as possible throughthe procedure of aggregate haggling. Representatives have the option to take goals about their arrangements identifying with annuity under thePensions Act 2004. In certain partnerships workers have a privilege totake part in a political race forthe choosing their overseer or administrative individuals (Collins, Ewing and McColgan, 2012). In organization which has in excess of 50 individuals must be very much educated and search for suggestion about major monetary turns of events or complexities.This occurs through an undeniably developing amount ofprofessional gathering must be occurred through the solicitation of the staffs. However, the UK has not so far implementsthese proposals which are kept up by the EU which determines to include that all workers have a decision in favor of their employersboard of directorsbeside investors (Davies, 2009). Aggregate bargainingbetween worker's guilds and the organization turns into the essential model for commitment at work in UK. TheTrade Disputes Act 1906 legitimizes the arrangement of strike. TheTrade Union and Labo

An Overview of Biomes and Climate

An Overview of Biomes and Climate Geology is keen on how individuals and societies identify with the physical condition. The biggest condition of which we are part is the biosphere. The biosphere is the piece of the earths surface and its air where living beings exist. It has likewise been portrayed as the life-supporting layer that encompasses the Earth. The biosphere we live in is comprised of biomes. A biome is an enormous geological locale where specific sorts of plants and creatures flourish. Every biome has a one of a kind arrangement of ecological conditions and plants and creatures that have adjusted to those conditions. The significant land biomes have names like tropical rainforest, fields, desert, mild deciduous woods, taiga (additionally called coniferous or boreal timberland), and tundra. Atmosphere and Biomes The distinctions in these biomes can be followed to contrasts in atmosphere and where they are situated according to the Equator. Worldwide temperatures change with the edge at which the suns beams strike the various pieces of the Earths bended surface. Since the suns beams hit the Earth at various points at various scopes, not all spots on Earth get a similar measure of daylight. These distinctions in the measure of daylight cause contrasts in temperature. Biomes situated in the high scopes (60â ° to 90â °) most distant from the Equator (taiga and tundra) get minimal measure of daylight and have lower temperatures. Biomes situated at center scopes (30â ° to 60â °) between the posts and the Equator (mild deciduous backwoods, calm meadows, and cold deserts) get more daylight and have moderate temperatures. At the low scopes (0â ° to 23â °) of the Tropics, the suns beams strike the Earth most straightforwardly. Accordingly, the biomes situated there (tropical rainforest, tropical meadow, and the warm desert) get the most daylight and have the most elevated temperatures. Another remarkable contrast between biomes is the measure of precipitation. In the low scopes, the air is warm, because of the measure of direct daylight, and wet, because of dissipation from warm ocean waters and sea flows. Tempests produce so much downpour that the tropical downpour woods gets 200 inches for each year, while the tundra, situated at an a lot higher scope, is a lot colder and dryer, and gets only ten inches. Soil dampness, soil supplements, and length of developing season likewise influence what sorts of plants can develop in a spot and what sorts of living beings the biome can continue. Alongside temperature and precipitation, these are factors that recognize one biome from another and impact the prevailing kinds of vegetation and creatures that have adjusted to a biomes novel qualities. Therefore, various biomes have various types and amounts of plants and creatures, which researchers allude to as biodiversity. Biomes with more noteworthy sorts or amounts of plants and creatures are said to have high biodiversity. Biomes like the mild deciduous timberland and prairies have better conditions for plant development. Perfect conditions for biodiversity incorporate moderate to plentiful precipitation, daylight, warmth, supplement rich soil, and a long developing season. On account of the more noteworthy warmth, daylight, and precipitation in the low scopes, the tropical rainforest has more prominent numbers and sorts of plants and creatures than some other biome. Low Biodiversity Biomes Biomes with low precipitation, extraordinary temperatures, short developing seasons, and poor soil have low biodiversity less sorts or measures of plants and creatures because of not exactly perfect developing conditions and cruel, outrageous situations. Since desert biomes are ungracious to most life, plant development is moderate and creature life is constrained. Plants there are short and the tunneling, nighttime creatures are little in size. Of the three woods biomes, the taiga has the most reduced biodiversity. Cold all year with cruel winters, the taiga has low creature assorted variety. In the tundra, the developing season endures a negligible six to about two months, and plants there are not many and little. Trees cannot develop because of permafrost, where just the main barely any creeps of the ground defrost during the short summer. The meadows biomes are considered to have greater biodiversity, yet just grasses, wildflowers, and a couple of trees have adjusted to its solid breezes, occasional dry seasons, and yearly flames. While biomes with low biodiversity will in general be ungracious to most life, the biome with the most noteworthy biodiversity is unfriendly to most human settlement. A specific biome and its biodiversity have both potential and impediments for human settlement and addressing human needs. A considerable lot of the significant issues confronting current society are the results of the path people, over a wide span of time, use and change biomes and how that has influenced the biodiversity in them.

Buy an Article Critique Before Doing It Yourself

Buy an Article Critique Before Doing It YourselfBuy an article critique before doing it yourself. A critique will help you understand how to write a good article that readers will like.It doesn't matter what type of business you have. If you can write an article, you can sell it. But to sell it you need to know how to write it and how to market it.Author of the site, 'Buy an Article Critique,' Richard Hough explains why you should buy a critique before you attempt to write one. He explains that, unless you have a lot of money and have some time on your hands, he recommends you buy one. And he's right. Not only do you need to buy an article critique, but you also need to be trained in how to write one.Buying a critique is not at all costly. It costs about $20 to buy one, but it is well worth it. You get trained on how to write an article, and you also get training on how to promote it.Since you will get your own words back, you won't get caught up in any plagiarism accusations. You al so don't have to hire someone to proofread your work. But you do have to do a little self-testing to make sure that you haven't copied something and used it for your own.Another reason to buy one is because there are so many great critiques out there. You can buy an article critique for just about any subject, for example:So you see, there is no reason to shy away from buying a great critique for your own, no matter what kind of business you run. It will be worth your while to pay a little bit more money fora critique.This is a great way to get the knowledge you need without paying for it. It is also a great way to get help from someone who knows what they're doing when you need it.

The History Of The Oil Industry - 1265 Words

The history of the Oil Industry Oil makes up over â…“ of humanities primary energy supply. The production of oil, especially the refining of it is has a huge impact of on the modern day world. Oil has been collected and used since Old Testament Bible times. Oil or petroleum is naturally found in various countries including in and around the United States of America. There are many men who can be linked to the beginning of the American oil industry, but out of all of them the most famous, if not the most influential is John Davison Rockefeller. The history of the United States petroleum industry was influenced by John Rockefeller, and helped define his legacy. Oil has been used since perhaps, the beginning of time. Ancient records have†¦show more content†¦Early Colonists observed the Seneca and Cornplanter Indians collecting it by spreading blankets on the rainbow colored surface of oil rich streams, they then wrung the oil out the blankets into earthen bowls. They used it for liniment, medicine and to mix with their war paint for shiny, waterproof make-up. 17th century British and French explorers in western Pennsylvania and New York sent back reports about oil pools that looked like water and burned like brandy. Settlers in western Pennsylvania kept a supply of â€Å"Seneca oil,† that they collected whenever they found it, and used it to stimulate their joints and those of their horses. It was used by farmers in hot weather to repel blowflies, which couldn t tolerate the smell of the greasy substance (Dolson 1). Over time some inquisitive men began searching for ways to make money off this natural occurring petroleum. Oil, because of its many uses became a profitable product. Ebenezer Brewer a lumber mill owner skimmed up five gallons from the seepage on his land bordering Oil Creek, and sent it to his son Francis, a young doctor in northern Vermont. The greasy stuff was exactly the kind of unpleasant medicine Vermonters were crazy about. Dr. Brewer took a flask of the crude oil to his old professor at Dartmouth, Dr. Dixi Crosby, who examined it and agreed it might be a pretty good thing. George Bissell listened to Crosby talk about the interesting contents of the flask, along with James Townsend,

Saint Margaret of Scotland Queen and Reformer

Known for:  Queen Consort of Scotland (married to Malcolm III -- Malcolm Canmore -- of Scotland), Patroness of Scotland, reforming the Church of Scotland. Grandmother of the Empress Matilda. Dates:  Lived ~1045 - 1093.   Born about 1045 (widely varying dates are given), probably in Hungary.  Married Malcolm III King of Scotland about 1070.  Died November 16, 1093, Edinburgh Castle, Scotland.  Canonized: 1250 (1251?).  Feast Day: June 10.   Traditional Feast Day in Scotland: November 16. Also Known As:  The Pearl of Scotland (pearl in Greek is margaron), Margaret of Wessex Heritage Father of Margaret of Scotland was Edward the Exile. He was the son of King Edmund II Ironside of England, who was in turn son of Ethelred II the Unready. Her brother was  Edward the Atheling.Mother of Margaret of Scotland was Agatha of Hungary, who was related to Gisela, wife of St. Stephen of HungaryMargaret of Scotlands brother was Edgar the Atheling, the only one of the Anglo-Saxon princes to survive the Norman invasion, acknowledged as King of England by some but never crowned. Early Years of Exile Margaret was born while her family was in exile in Hungary during the reign in England of the Viking kings. She returned with her family in 1057, then they fled again, this time to Scotland, during the Norman Conquest of 1066. Marriage Margaret of Scotland met her future husband, Malcolm Canmore, when she was fleeing William  the Conquerors invading army in 1066 with her brother, Edward the Atheling, who had ruled briefly but had never been crowned. Her  ship was wrecked on the Scottish coast. Malcolm Canmore was the son of King Duncan. Duncan had been killed by Macbeth, and Malcolm in turn defeated and killed Macbeth after living for some years in England -- a series of events fictionalized by Shakespeare. Malcolm had been married previously to Ingibjorg, the daughter of the Earl of Orkney. Malcolm invaded England at least five times. William the Conqueror forced him to swear allegiance in 1072 but Malcolm died in a skirmish with the English forces of King William II Rufus in 1093. Only three days later, his queen, Margaret of Scotland, also died. Margaret of Scotlands Contributions to History Margaret of Scotland is known to history for her work to reform the Scottish church by bringing it into line with Roman practices and replacing Celtic practices. Margaret brought many English priests to Scotland as one method of achieving this goal. She was a supporter of Archbishop Anselm. Margaret of Scotlands Children and Grandchildren Of the eight children of Margaret of Scotland, one, Edith, renamed Matilda or Maud and known as Matilda of Scotland, married Henry I of England, uniting the Anglo-Saxon royal line with the Norman royal line. Henry and Matilda of Scotlands daughter, widow of the Holy Roman Emperor, the Empress Matilda, was named Henry Is heir, though her paternal cousin Stephen seized the crown and she was only able to win her son, Henry II, the right to succeed. Three of her sons -- Edgar, Alexander I, and David I -- ruled as kings of Scotland. David, the youngest, reigned for almost 30 years. Her other daughter, Mary, married the Count of Boulogne and Marys daughter Matilda of Boulogne, a maternal cousin of the Empress Matilda,  became Queen of England as wife of King Stephen. After Her Death A biography of St. Margaret appeared soon after her death. It is usually credited to Turgot, Archbishop of St. Andrews, but is sometimes said to have been written by Theodoric, a monk. Of her relics, Mary, Queen of Scots, later had possession of Saint Margarets head. Descendants of Margaret of Scotland Descendants of Margaret of Scotland and Duncan reigned in Scotland, except for a brief reign after Duncans death by his brother, until 1290, with the death of another Margaret, known as the Maid of Norway. Related: Anglo-Saxon and Viking Queens of England

The Portrayal Of Women During The Arab World - 1651 Words

The portrayal of women in the media is a global phenomenon that many nations, countries and cultures struggle to find equality in the portrayal of gender throughout media systems. The Middle East and the Arab World is no exception to this phenomenon, recognizing and contributing to the negatively portrayed images of Arab women represented in the global mass media. For my research paper, I chose to focus on how women in the Arab World are breaking boundaries of these negative stereotypical images, while using social media as an outlet for online activism and empowerment. By conducting research on how women are portrayed as â€Å"subservient† to men in the Arab World, I started to form my research question in how women are interpreting these portrayed images, how they are reacting to these misrepresentations of themselves in the media, and what exactly they are doing about changing the image of themselves and the evident inequalities between men in civil society. I continued fur thering my research with the introduction of social media to the Arab world and the combating of stereotypes of Arab women in the media. Collectively, based on all of my research and knowledge of global mass media, the portrayal of Arab women in mass media, and the exponentially rising usage of social media in implementing social change, Arab women have gained a voice in standing up for rights in civil societies throughout the Arab World. My research led me to formulate the following research question: HowShow MoreRelatedChanges in Arabic Societies During teh 20th Century1441 Words   |  6 Pagesinitiated a new cultural order that changed the lives of men and women alike. The sweeping changes associated with this period were catalyzed by a massive immigration from the countryside into the rapidly expanding urban centers of the region. 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North American Media’s Portrayal on the Iraq War The Bush administration claimed that they intended to protect the American people from the imminent or future attacks by Saddam from the weapons of mass destruction. They further claimed thatRead MoreCh 13 Hw1275 Words   |  6 Pages7. Why might Arab or Chinese historians be skeptical about any claims for feudalism’s special importance in world history? Feudalism left Japan with some serious political and social problems. This is why some Arab or Chinese historians might be skeptical about any claims for feudalism’s special importance in world history. Also as the Arab and Chinese civilization did not practice feudalism, it might seem wrong to establish feudalism’s special space in history. Source of World History bookRead MoreThe Media s Influence On People Opinions1556 Words   |  7 Pagesdiplomats will have no choice but to handle these problems. While the government handles these issues, other problems, maybe unknown to the public, must stay lacking attention it deserves. The ‘CNN Curve’ causes multiple problems for Middle Eastern men, women, and even children. It gives them more attention than they probably want, because this attention is more than likely negative. This journalism tactic causes problems for Muslims, mainly with unacceptable attention on their race and religion MuslimsRead MoreRaiders of the Lost Ark Movie Analysis958 Words   |  4 Pagesforeign policy. If the American government is against a certain region anywhere in the world, the entire area faces the same amount of stereotypical hate from the media. The American values that have become accustom to Americans are tainted by false imagery and ignorance of other religions. A film, Raiders of the Lost Ark portrays these same stereotypes in this way consistently in Cinema. 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Women were not allowed to attend symposions therefore they missed out on social gatherings. These private drinking parties would be for formal, academic, intimate, and contesting purposes. By not allowing women to attend, they were limited to fewer social gatherings and situations. When Islam became a prominent power in the Middle East, they began rejecting

Auditing and Assurance Principles and Practice

Question: Discuss about the Auditing and Assurance for Principles and Practice. Answer: Introduction: Fellow and Associates has Health care holdings Group as its audit client and has 100% entities in Total cancer care limited. Tania Fellowes is the audit partner of fellow and Associates conducted some preliminary analysis. If the entity becomes the related entity of the audit client, then the audit firm should identify the current and previous relationships and the interest with the related entity (Eilifsen et al., 2013). This is to be done by taking into account the available safeguards. It is so because this could affect the independence the clients and the ability to continue the audit engagement after the date of the acquisition. Discussion: The audit partner of HCHG (Health care holdings group), which has 100% entity in Total Cancer Care Limited has been asked to undertake an engagement in respect of the linear accelerator. Tania Fellowes has been approached in this regard for providing an opinion that the linear accelerators of TCCL are fit for use. It has been observed by Tania Fellowes that one of the accountant intended to be the part of audit team owns shares in the HCHG. Considering this situation, the Fellow and Associates independence is faced with advocacy threat. Since the accountant to be audit, member team owns shares in the HCHG, which is audit client. There is the most likely chance that the member will promote the clients position to the point that the objectivity of the member would be compromised (Glover et al., 2014). The situation first would also pose familiarity threat to the independence of the Fellowes and Associates. This situation could also lead to self-interest threat, as the audit member is unlikely to criticize his own performed work. He might overlook the unrecorded assets and liabilities discovered during the course of conducting audit. In the second situation, the valuation of the intangibles assets following the acquisition of the shady Oaks hospital by the HCHG is considered material. Moreover, t he valuation is done by the fellow and Associates at different point of time. The threat to the independence of Fellow and Associates arises from materialising. The type of threat using the APES 110 in this regard is self-review threat (Apesb.org.au, 2016). This is so because, fellow and Associates has not properly evaluated the intangibles assets. That is the audit firm did not evaluate the valuation of the intangible assets by the company appropriately. In the second situation, the self-review threat exists because here the audit partner Tania Fellowes would be auditing the balance on which Fellow and associates have placed the valuation. The risks is attributable to the materiality of the intangibles assets. Here, the valuation of the intangible assets involves the valuation of matters that is material to the financial statements (Messier, 2016). The familiarity threat in the first situation would enhance the professional judgement. In order to meet the needs of clients, there is a need to tailor engagement practice. In this case, the documentation of thinking and reasoning is required. All the staffs of the audit firms should be taught to maintain the high level of professional skepticism in all the audit engagements (Kunz et al., 2014). Safeguards are the measures that is taken to eliminate the threats or to reduce them to an acceptable level. The safeguard for reducing the self-interest and advocacy risks would include: The confirmation should be received from the audit clients that they are aware of the referral arrangements. Receiving confirmation from accountant that he or she has no material interest in HCHG Some of the other safeguard that can be taken to reduce the risk of similar independence threats are as follows: The firm may implement procedures and policies so that the quality control of the engagement is monitored (William et al., 2016) The compliance with the policies and procedures should be promoted using a disciplinary mechanism If the valuation of any items in the financial statements, then the audit firms should not provide valuation service to the audit clients. The valuation should be actuarial valuation that is the audit firms should consider key variables. The audit firms should make such arrangement so that the personnel providing such services do not be a part of the audit engagement (Stuart, 2012). Conclusion: Form the analysis of the given case study, which involved the identification of several risk using the knowledge of APES 110. It is concluded that the independence of the audit firm is faced with few potential threats. The self-interest is manifested through the share of ownership of the auditor in the clients entity. The self-review threat observed in the second situation depicts the primary source of value of audit of the financial report. The audit firm is conflicted in the second situation because fellow and associates does not want to expose the problem for the work done by itself or by its audit partner. Reference: Apesb.org.au. (2016). Available at: https://www.apesb.org.au/uploads/standards/apesb_standards/standard1.pdf [Accessed 27 Dec. 2016]. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W. F., Glover, S. M., Prawitt, D. F. (2013).Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Glover, S. M., Prawitt, D. F., Messier, W. F. (2014).Auditing assurance services: a systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education. Kunz, R., Josset, D., Scholtz, H., Motholo, V., Graeme, O. R., Penning, G., Rudman, R. (2014). Auditing Assurance: Principles Practice. Louwers, T. J., Ramsay, R. J., Sinason, D. H., Strawser, J. R., Thibodeau, J. C. (2013).Auditing and assurance services. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Messier Jr, W. (2016).Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Stuart, I. (2012).Auditing and assurance services: an applied approach. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. William Jr, M., Glover, S., Prawitt, D. (2016). Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach.Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach.

International Trade Essay

Introduction The Australian car industry is on the rise and according to the country’s Financial Review, it emerged that the industry needed a huge amount of money to subsidize its operations for further four years (Alexander 2012, p. 1). In this case, the industry required about $34 million to fulfil its mission.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Trade Essay-Protection of Australian Car Industry Course and code specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This necessitates a rescue program for the industry to avoid future problems and impending collapse, though other economists would consider it as being short-sightedness. Since the car manufacturing sector was started in the country, it has received a lot of assistance from the government to protect it from trade forces. The industry was protected through subsidies and sometimes tariffs, which enhanced the development of motor industry in the country. In reality, when the government assistance to the company becomes meaningless. Economic Arguments against the Industry Protection Economists and other researchers have advanced various arguments in contrary to the policies, which advocate for the protection of the car industry. Such bailouts are resisted because they increase the company’s independent on handouts, hence might compromise its liquidity and operations. Economically, some of the arguments against the protection of the car industry in Australia include the following; Incentives matters: often, economists have argued that through protecting the industry, it might relent on its mandate of providing incentives to its workers so that the latter improves the quality of cars (Kemp 2008, p 102). Since the success of car manufacturing depends on the quality of the output, provision of incentives the industry might be depending on government assistance at the expense of developing internal mechanisms (Kemp 2008, p. 108). Imp ortantly, the workers normally initiate behaviour that would enable them rewarded for their hard work. In addition, economists believe that the bailouts decrease the competitiveness of the models, making the industry lose a lot of money due to poor sales. Comparative Advantage: Notably, globalization and the current liberalized trade in the country ensure that the production suits structure (Salvatore 2012, p. 17). However, protecting the industry reduces its comparative advantage to the total number of existing car manufacturers in Australia and other parts of the world. The extent to which the car industry could remain competitive explains the application of the Mercantilism theory of Absolute Advantage (Feenstra 2003, p. 55). Under this theory, Adam Smith argued that the company progresses and accumulates enormous wealth based on its inclination to the production of goods, in which it generally has comparative advantage compared to the others.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, comparative advantage revitalizes the business pattern, and this helps the company in making decisions, and might enable the company make reasonable profit (Feenstra 2003, p. 67). Resource Allocation: the efficiency with which the Australian car industry operates in terms of resource allocation is likely to affect its output. Borrowing from the Factor Proportion Theory (FPT), Scholars argued that the resources necessary for efficient production system must be allocated fairly so that no industry benefit from undue advantage. Since the auto industry needs a lot of resources, it is reducing in its quantity of production especially in Australia due to poor or inefficient resource allocation (Pomfret 2008, p. 82). The inefficiency has caused scale-back of productivity in the car industry, in Australia to a level worrying the stakeholders. This is because the industry relies heavily on the subsidies than having a local initiative to improve on the utility of the available resources. The economists argue that the car manufacturers should embrace systems, which would improve efficiency in the sector (Pomfret 2008, p. 84). Therefore, they are against the increasing subsidies for the sector. Economic Darwinism: there has also been the notion that only the best industry with efficient production systems could survive in the competitive economy. According to Darwinism theory of economic development, an industry cannot make significant improvement in its production, without efficiency and this effectiveness is achieved through local mechanism (Salvatore 2012, p. 99). As a result, helping the industry in its production system was itself against the spirit of Darwinism, thus not acceptable. In this regard, the Australian economists were against the protection and subsidizing the car industry and instead, they were of the opinion that it should be left to survive on its own. The increase in the cost of Australian manufactured cars was cited as the reason for the low preference for the cars, thus a major cause for the decline of the industry (Salvatore 2012, p. 101). Basically, the industry does not need any subsidy to make its production competitive, but simply needs an internal mechanism to make it economically viable.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Trade Essay-Protection of Australian Car Industry Course and code specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cost Benefit Argument: it is apparent the cost of input the majority of workers put in the production system of the industry does not benefit them, but only to a few individuals. Thus, economists believe that protecting the car industry would translate to taking care of the majority who do not benefit from the production, but only enrich a few individuals best placed in this industry, such as merchant traders, s uppliers among others (Salvatore 2012, p. 105). Therefore, they believe that the government should not protect the industry. Moral Hazard: economists also believe that it is inconsequential and a huge risk for the government to bailout the car industry in Australia. This is because; the industry has literally fallen short of the internal mechanism to enhance the ease with which it carries out its production. This means the company would be less aggressive and only wait for assistance, a situation that may only increase its problems (Adam, Bordo Young 2009, p. 24). Firm’s Failure: understanding the firm’s failure and establishing the practical economic approaches of solving such problems is more important than relying on subsidies to improve efficiency and quantity of production. The firm might not succeed if it cannot improve the internal efficiency to respond to the unprecedented market failures, thus will always depend on the external assistance during crisis. Howev er, economists argue that proper inbuilt mechanisms could adequately shield the company from undetermined crisis (Adam, Bordo Young 2009, p. 26). The government could only assist when there are external forces affecting the production, but not due to its failure. Inflexible Labour: notably, the inflexibility of the labour sometimes challenges the car industry in Australia. Though the government has some reasons for protecting the car industry from the changing labour market, the practice has no benefit to the general workers in the industry (Adam, Bordo Young 2009, p. 27). Economic Arguments for the Industry Protection Despite the criticisms for the car industry protection, there are a number of reasons, which rationalizes its protection. A number of economists have reiterated that protecting an industry from negative competition is the best and surest way of promoting its growth. However, the protection should not be aimed at interfering with the operation of others, and supporte d by the following economic argument Unfair Competition: there are trade competitions, which do not work to the advantage of the car industry in Australia. For instance, the high importation of cheap cars from the Asian region has a lot of impact on the manufacturing process. Indeed, the economists argue that the stiff competition from merchants necessitates protection of the car manufacturers in the country (Reuvid Sherlock 2011, p. 41).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Changes in Labour Laws: there are regulations that might not be advantageous to the industry, especially those that tend to favour the employees (Reuvid Sherlock 2011, p. 42). For example, the policy that advocates for increasing the salaries of workers would affect the company. Market Failure: economists argue that the problems of the international market might inhibit the progress that the industry, creating a non-uniform field for competitive business operation (Reuvid Sherlock 2011, p. 43). Indeed, leveraging is not possible in cases of market failure, thus making it difficult for the manufacturers to operate at a profit. In this case, market failure might cause the car industry to incur heavy losses, and threaten its termination. Therefore, it cannot compete effectively with other players. Conclusion In summary, though the government protection for the car manufacturing sector is necessary in certain occasions such as market failures, the development of internal mechanisms is vital. This means the level of efficiency in the company determines its smooth operations than unnecessarily relying on the subsidies. References Adam, K., Bordo, M Young, W 2009, Theories of International Trade, Routledge, London. Alexander, P 2012, Car Industry Handouts are Childish. Web. Feenstra, R 2003, Advanced International Trade: Theory and Evidence, Princeton University Press, New York. Kemp, M 2008, International Trade Theory: A Critical Review, Routledge, London. Pomfret, R 2008, Lecture Notes on International Trade Theory and Policy, World Scientific Publishing, New York. Reuvid, J Sherlock, J 2011, International Trade: An Essential Guide to the Principles and Practice of Export, Kogan Page, London. Salvatore, D 2012, Introduction to International Economics (3rd Ed.), John Wiley and Sons, New York. This essay on International Trade Essay-Protection of Australian Car Industry Course and code was written and submitted by user Konnor Mclaughlin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Is Robert Frost a Modernist essay

buy custom Is Robert Frost a Modernist essay As a popular figure literature, Robert Frost is considered to be one of the leading poets in the early twentieth century. His works are distinguished from those of his contemporaries; his works depict the structure and forms of the nineteenth-century literature while revealing the themes and concepts of the modern world. This fact therefore evokes different opinions in considering him to be a modernist. According to Vicky Mahaffey, modernist writing is characterized by willful obscurity and shot through with nostalgia for a rapidly waning elite culture a nostalgia mired in the ugly politics of the time (3). The concept of nostalgia is always present in Frosts poems; many of them reveal the solitary characteristics of his own life. The theme of his poems revolves around his quest, a solitary mans quest, of making sense of the world around him. His famous poem The Road Not Taken, taken as an example, developed the nostalgic sentiment in the word sigh. In the poem, the narrator had to choose between two paths, and he did not know where both roads would bring him. The narrator told with a sigh, he has taken the one less traveled by, which brought him to the current situation. This abstract therefore clearly shows that the character is experiencing nostalgia, although it is hard to say whether it is regret or relief since Frost did not provide any indication of either. The sigh of the character in the poem also provokes floating thoughts from the reader. He makes the reader experience the nostalgic feeling and conclude whether the narrator was able to choose the better path or not. The author finished the poem with this unresolved question, thus strengthening the nostalgic experience. Such nostalgic experience is also perceptible in his poem Birches. The narrator dream[ed] of going back to be [a swinger of birches]once more. In his childhood he used to climb a tree swinging to the ground. In the poem, the narrator recounts his childhood experiencing nostalgia likewise the reader who also experiences the same nostalgic emotion of the narrator as he/she usually reads the poem. Frost was able to reinforce the nostalgic experience of the reader by rendering it profusely in the mood he set for his poem. Obscurity is also present in Frosts poems Some of his works that illustrate obscurity are Greece, Locked Out, and the unpublished War Thoughts at Home. Vicky Mahaffey, furthermore, characterized modernist literature as one that offer[s] a more comprehensive experience rather than a mere narrative slice (5). She continued to say that what was used to be dismissed as insignificant details emerged through synecdoche as essential indices to the richness of a complex, dynamic, sensual whole (Mahaffey 5). She said that in order to experience modernist art, we must either watch the action from several different windows in succession, or else leave the window altogether to enter the human melee on the street, observing what we find there on the same level as everyone else (Mahaffey 5). Robert Frosts poems are largely known of this characteristic. Amy Lowell wrote that he has reproduced both people and scenery with a vividness which is extraordinary (81). In all of his poems, the reader can have a concrete picture of the setting and the incidents, and from rich description, the author takes the reader to the world he is describing. He employed ordinary and insignificant details to enhance the accuracy of the presented event, and this made him stand out from his contemporaries. Robert Frost used synecdoche in his works. The journey implied in his poems The Road Not Taken and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening represents the journey that each of us takes in the life. Moreover, he also used juxtaposition, irony, and satire that characterize modern literature as well. Juxtaposition is evident in his poem Mending Wall when comparing mending wall and not having walls. Irony is also depicted in The Road Not Taken when the narrator sigh[s] when remembering the choice he made. In Birches, the narrator presented irony when he wished to get away from earth which may not be granted soon. The vividness of his descriptions compelled Ezra Pound to say, I know more of farm life than I did before I had read his poems. That means I know more of 'Life (384). His statement only confirms of the unusual ability of Robert Frost to portray real life and real settings in his poems. Vicky Mahaffey also mentioned that modernist literature refuse[ed] to provide readers with clear interpretive cues, prompting their audience to remain responsible for the interpretations they construct. (66). Although Robert Froost used simple language and ordinary images and symbols, his works had deep and underlying meanings. The significance of the usual themes he revealed in his poems extended beyond its revealed meaning. Robert Frosts poem The Road Not Taken, which he characterized as a tricky poem, does not give the reader any resolution of the choice the narrator made. He gives the reader a plain statement that has made all the difference but does not give an indication whether the difference is for better or for worse. In his poem Mending Wall, Frost also used the same approach. He presented side by side the two different aspects of having walls and not. He gave the reader the rationale of both actions but left them to draw their own conclusions. He opened that poem with the line Something there is that doesn't love a wall and closed it with another statement which opposed the first: Good fences make good neighbors. Not a line in the body leaves an indication which of the two weighs heavier. He richly described the illustration and was able to give the reader a concrete image of both ideas in the poem therefore giving a fair understanding of both matters but left the reader to make his own choice. These few characteristics of modernist literature discussed above and portrayed in Frosts works only attests that his works may be classified as modernist writing. Moreover, his poetry represents the modern life of the modern man which he has integrated in symbolical terms. Most of his characters deal with frustration, sadness, regret, alienation, tiredness, and the likes which are reflective of the way of life of the people of his present time. This strongly proves that his works, in spite of traditional way of writing, focuses on the present life, the modern themes, the modern world, and the modern man, hence characterizing the modern literature. Although he describes nature in his poems, he comments on the modern mans nostalgia for going away from nature. It may be concluded, therefore, that Robert Frosts conception refered to modernist poetry. Although he employed some techniques of traditional poetry, his ideals and themes were from the modern world, and moreover, these traditional techniques were mere shadows because they were also transformed in some ways. Though he used rhymes, he used it irregularly; he did not conform to the strict meter, form, and ideals of traditional literature. Buy custom Is Robert Frost a Modernist essay

Anemia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Anemia - Essay Example There are numerous types of anemia, and each one is caused by different reason. The most common type is iron deficiency anaemia. This is caused when your body is deficient of iron which is necessary to keep the red blood cells functioning properly. Haemoglobin's key component is iron, which helps the red blood cells carry and store oxygen. If there is not enough iron present then the red blood cells will carry less oxygen to the different organs and tissues of the body1. Blood need to be monitored once in month after the patient is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. It is done to check whether the body is responding to the treatment, and some condition rarely may cause serious implications. After your iron level is back to normal the anemia has to be monitored at home. Only few symptoms of the illness are obvious in people who have iron deficiency anemia. The symptom's severity depends on how quickly the anemia develops. Most common symptoms are exhaustion, tiredness, shortness of breath (dyspnoea), and palpitations (irregular heart beat)2. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the body is suffering from the iron insufficiency. The general physician can easily diagnose the iron deficiency anemia through a blood test. ... Lower reading indicates that you have anemia which also means that there is a deficiency of red blood cells.3 Other types of anemia can cause by a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate (folic acid salt) in the body. Vitamin B12 also helps the body to produce red blood cells, it keep the nervous system healthy. Folate which is a folic acid salt works with vitamin B12 which produce red blood cells and it is very important for women who are pregnant, which helps in the growth and development of the baby. Eggs, dairy products and meat contain vitamin B12. Folate best sources are green vegetables like broccoli, peas, chickpeas and brown rice. A vitamin B12 deficiency is not common younger people, but it is most common in those people who are over the age of 75. Folate deficiency is also most general in people above 75 years of age. An anaemic person follows strict vegetarian diets who tend to be more at risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 anemia has the following general symptoms, which can tell that whether the patient is suffering from it. These symptoms include: fatigue, breathlessness (dyspnoea), and dizziness, irregular heart beats (palpitations), headache and loss of hunger. Usually the body stores enough vitamin B12 that last approximately for 2-4 years. However, it is very important that level of vitamin B12 is maintained in your diet which will ensure that is store of the vitamin is kept at a healthy level4. Patients suffering form any type of anemia he should take antioxidants, Copper (if deficient), Folic acid, Iron (when iron deficiency is diagnosed), L-carnitine, Magnesium, Taurine (if deficient in

Why Should you learn another language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why Should you learn another language - Essay Example Today English is the official language in a large number of countries, an estimated number of people in the world that use English in communication or a regular base is 2 billion, so by studying English one become part of this diverse large population that uses English in their day today activities and communicate with citizens of most of countries in the globe, without any confusion in expressing our feeling and thinking (Halliday pp 38). Worldwide business are conducted in English, with the advent of outsourcing, bilingualism is used as a useful skill this makes the scope for employment much wider for those who speak English in foreign countries. successful functionality in international business require communication with other people through email, memos and reports which should be written in English hence the need to understand and express thoughts and ideas in English. The other importance of language is that it create a greater opportunity for a job moreover, with an enough amount of knowledge In English, the possibility of promotion in position is ever higher (Halliday, pp 38). In education research and academics there is an existence of over 2000 universities and colleges this implies that above 400 billion dollars are spent every year on research, by taking the example of US alone it offers an incredible array of opportunities to those who are able to function in an English only environment. English knowledge opens doors for study abroad and have access to more variety of educational courses, this equip one with the desired skills and knowledge that makes one conversant with the world trend academically (Alamin pp 2-345). Another importance of studying English language is that English is the language of technology and science, genetics, medicine and also computer science so if anyone is interested in any of this fields then

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Essay Example for Free

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Essay Explain critical control points (CCPs) This is a point, step or procedures at which control can be applied and food safety hazard can be eliminated or reduced these steps are called assessing the hazard and identifying critical control points. Outline and explain the steps of the HACCP system The purpose of the HACCP system is to identify, monitor and control dangers of food contamination. Assess hazards Identify critical control points Set up standards or limits for CCPs Set up procedures for monitoring CCPs Establish corrective actions Set up a record keeping system Verify the system is working. HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points. It is an internationally recognized based food safety system. On preventing, elimination and reducing hazards it identifies and deals with the hazards before it occurs. HACCP recognized the best way to eliminate, reduce or control hazards in a food handling industry or the environment. HACCP first identifies potential food safety problems and determine the best way to prevent them food safety hazards, or; Allergenic Biological Chemical Physical Explain the difference of psychrophiles and mesophiles Psychrophiles (cold loving). Microorganism’s particular bacteria have a preferential temperature for growth at less than 590(150 Celsius) Mesophiles Microorganisms on earth belong to the group of mesophiles. It grows best in temperature between 100- 500c. They are formed in soil and water environment. Masts of dangerous mesophiles are staphylococci, aureus, and salmonellas, sp, proteus where they live is one way because of the temperature they need to grow, and they can cause the food to spoil. Explain the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic bacteria Aerobic Aerobic bacteria takes place in the absence of oxygen and food substances are partially broken. Anaerobic Anaerobic means without oxygen and human needs oxygen to breathe. Explain anaerobic bacteria Anaerobic bacteria can survive without the presence of oxygen. They are 3 types of obi gate anaerobic. List three (3) ways that cross contamination can be prevented during Storing Service Handling/Preparation Storing Separate raw animal foods such as eggs, fish, meat and poultry away from each other and also ready to eat foods. Store raw meat and cooked meat on different shelves in freezer preferably raw meats at the bottom shelf to prevent drippings or leaking substance from meat while storing. Service. A clean work area and cooking utensils is required such as sterilized counter top, cooking utensils and also a clean environment is needed. A clean table and linen is vital to prevent cross contamination Preparation Prepare food on clean surface to prevent the spread of germs. Never use the same cutting board you use to prepare raw meat to prepare vegetables. List five (5) way foods may be checked during the following in order to control and temperature Preparing foods Receiving and storing foods Preparing foods Preparing food at the control time and temperature Wash your hands properly Cook and cool foods the right way. No handling of foods with bare hands always use a tong, gloves, paper towels and spoons Take out just the amount of food needed When preparing salad and sandwiches spreads These foods must not be left at room temperature When making these food always start with the cold ingredients first Keep cook foods at a suitable temperature to prevent the growth of bacteria Do not leave food out for more than 30 mins. or until properly cooled then store Receiving and storing foods Refrigerator must be set at the appropriate temperature to prevent or limit the growth of pathogenic bacteria that may be present in ready-to-eat- foods. Obtain food ingredients and packing material from approved sources that are regulated by the necessary authorities. Receiving food at proper temperature when getting perishable food this must be place in cold storage immediately upon arrival. Storage Maintain temperature control to limit the growth of bacteria for eg. Store potentially hazardous or ready to eat foods under refrigeration you may set critical limit for refrigeration to operate at 380F List five ways that you can control and eliminate pests Moisture control Repair leaking roots clean gutter and downspout Exclusion. Keep door, windows and vents screened and well sealed Store items in plastic Sanitation Keep trash containers clean and covered Prevention Eliminate wood to ground contacts use gravel or rock instead of wood mulch Mechanical Control–use snap traps for mice and rat. Prepare a flow chart showing CCPs for the following menu. Bibliography http://www. google. com http://www. en. wikipedia. org/ http://www. en. m. wikipedia. org/ http://www. searchhyahoo. com http://www. agric. gov. ab http://emotes. com http://www. wikianswer. com http://google. coo/ http://www. kingcouty. gov/.

Benvolio vs. Mercutio in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: William Shakespeare

It was a hot summer day in the town square of Verona when the two households came face to face, both feeling and showing their emnity. In the play of Romeo and Juliet, written by Shakespeare, Tybalt wishes to fight Romeo and since Romeo is refusing to battle him, Mercutio steps up and takes Romeo's place. Benvolio is, like always, begging and pleading for them to keep the peace. All through the tale, Romeo's best friends, Benvolio and Mercutio, try to help Romeo with their own particular methods. Surprisingly, there are no characters that differ from each other more than Benvolio and Mercutio. Although Benvolio and Mercutio are alike because they are both very loyal to Romeo, they are different because Benvolio is calm, level-headed, and honest and Mercutio tends to be a sarcastic, wild person who follows his emotions more than his common sense. Mercutio and Benvolio express loyalty and companionship toward Romeo. Mercutio battles Tybalt in order to defend Romeo's honor, when Romeo has already made it clear that he doesn't want anyone to fight. Mercutio bravely faces the furious Tybalt and says "O calm, dishonorable, vile submission! Tybalt you rat-catcher will you walk?" (Scene Five). Benvolio also shows he is faithful to Romeo when he devises the brilliant plan of crashing the Capulet's ball, in an attempt to cure his friend Romeo's depression. When he says "... Supper is done, and we shall come too late." (Scene Two), he's convincing Romeo to go to the ball to have some fun or else it'll be too late and he'll stay heart broken. Mercutio and Benvolio are different because Mercutio is a wild person that likes to pick fights even though they aren't "his" battles. When Tybalt is looking for Romeo, Mercutio steps up and declares "... Here is my fiddlestick, here's that shall make you dance." (Scene Five), thus making Tybalt even angrier and causing a fight. You can see Benvolio is a peace-keeping person especially when he states "I do but keep the peace: put up thy sword..." (Scene One). He says this mainly because he doesn't want anyone to get hurt or get in trouble with the law. Although Mercutio and Benvolio are really close to being antithesis of one another, they are also similar because they are both incredibly loyal and faithful to Romeo. Though they are an oddly matched pair, they somehow combine to add their own unique flavors to Romeo and Juliet.

The Beatles Influence on Rock-and-Roll

The Beatles are one of the most innovative rock bands of all time. They have not only changed the way rock and roll is looked at, but also the way that the music is recorded. They have influenced the artists of the 60s and the 70s, and also many generations later and to come. Originating from Liverpool, England, the Beatles, or the Fab Four, consists of Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. Topping the charts in ’63 with â€Å"Love Me Do,† and bringing in the highest rated viewing in history while performing on the Ed Sullivan Show, the Beatles are definitely a band that broke the sound barrier of rock and roll.They used unique sounds in their music and weren’t afraid of experimenting in the studio, they even welcomed accidental occurrences and toyed around to get the sound they were looking for. Artificial double tracking was invented during the recording of their album Revolver and also a new technique on miking strings. They paved the way for other British Bands in America and even had full-blown imitators, like the Monkees, that copied everything from their look, to the spelling error in their name, and their campaign. They also helped create a whole new genre of music called folk rock.Their influence is still seen in today’s musicians, such as the band Oasis, who compare their music constantly to the Beatles. The Beatles Influence on Rock-and-Roll â€Å"The impact of the Beatles – not only on rock and roll but on Western culture – is simply incalculable. As musicians, they proved that rock and roll could embrace a limitless variety of harmonies, structures and sounds; virtually every rock experiment has some precedent on Beatles records. † Said by the Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll, could not be any more wrong.The Beatles had a huge impact on not just rock and roll, but music as a whole, as well as influencing the technology used to record their music. They weren’ t afraid of experimenting and instead of producing music they produced art. Their influence is seen all over the world, but no one has come close to the fame that was Beatlemania. The Beatles originated from Liverpool, England and consists of Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. They first started playing shows in Hamburg, Germany as a skiffle band in 1960.In 1962 they released their first single â€Å"Love Me Do,† which reached the number one spot on U. S. charts in May of ’63. Their first appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show in February of ’64 brought in over 73 million viewers, the most in U. S. history. By April 1964, they held the first five places in the Billboard Hot 100. The Beatles were one of the biggest influences on music during the 60s and 70s. Their music, to this day, remains more widely known than any other music of the rock era. They have brought new sounds and ideas in their music and revolutionized the idea of rock and roll.Their work was always invested with originality, using unique sounds in their music, which is most dramatically seen in Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. They used many studio effects on this album, including reverberation, echoes, and reverse tape effects. They experimented with sounds that no other bands used, and had great success with it. They created their own material, breaking the Tin Pan monopoly of song writing, setting in motion revolutionary changes in the music publishing industry. They wrote songs for fellow artists and even encouraged the Rolling Stones to write their own music. The Beatles were the first group to use the recording studio as a writing tool, building up complex song arrangements by multi-tracking and importing orchestral textures and avant-garde effects under the guidance of producer George Martin† (Glassman).In Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, instead of using traditional breaks in between songs, one tracked merged i nto the next, which were linked by studio talk, laughter, electronic noises, and animal sounds. They also used audio tricks involving steam organs, orchestras, sitars, and even a pack of foxhounds in full cry at the end of â€Å"Good Morning, Good Morning. The use of animal sounds were actually first used in the Beach Boys album Pet Sounds that the Beatles admired. When asked the Beach Boys where they got their innovation for Pet Sounds, the Beatles Rubber Soul album was what inspired them. â€Å"A Day In The Life,† the last song on the album, featured â€Å"what Lennon described as ‘a sound building up from nothing to the end of the world’† (Lazarescu). The song â€Å"Strawberry Fields Forever† fused two different versions of the same song and used reverse-tape cellos for an eerie effect.After George Harrison used sitar on the song â€Å"Norwegian Wood,† other bands like the Byrds, Yardbirds, and the Rolling Stones, soon followed incorporat ing Eastern-influence sounds into their work. Paul McCartney once said, â€Å"We would say, ‘Try it! Just try it for us. If it sounds crappy, OK, we’ll lose it. But it might just sound good. ’ We were always pushing ahead: Louder, further, longer, more different† (â€Å"All About Jazz†). The Beatles had complete access to Abbey Road studios free of charge, spending hours upon hours experimenting and writing music.They used the studio as an instrument in itself. They were the first band to push musical and technological boundaries. They took advantage of accidental occurrences in the recording process. You can see this in â€Å"I Feel Fine† where there is feedback and also in â€Å"Long, Long, Long† where there is a resonating glass bottle. They also deliberately toyed with situations and techniques that would further chance effects. An example of this is in â€Å"I am the Walrus,† where they used a live mixing of a UK radio broa dcast into the fade of the song, and also the chaotic assemblage of â€Å"Tomorrow Never Knows. Ken Townsend invented artificial double tracking (ADT) during the recording of Revolver because Lennon didn’t like singing a song twice. ADT is still widely used for instruments and voices; however, it is now mostly known as automatic double tracking. Other influences the Beatles had on technology were the use of close miking the strings by engineer Geoff Emerick when recording. In 1966 that was a radically new way of miking strings, and now it is common practice. The Beatles were also the firsts to use direct injection to record McCartney’s bass on Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band.This is done by connecting the bass to the recording console via an impedance matching DI box. The Beatles paved the way for other British bands in America. The Beatles were the first British group to break into America and since the Beatles were able to have fame in the US, they gave other British bands the possibility of making it in America. Such bands were Gerry and the Pacemakers, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas, and the Searchers, who were all also managed by Brian Epstein. Other British bands that followed the Beatles were the Rolling Stones, the Who, and the Yardbirds.The Rolling Stones had a raunchier dirty bad boy look, different then the clean-cut look of the Beatles. As the 1970s began, you can see the Beatles influence in artists like Elton John and Pink Floyd. In America, the most blatant imitators of the Beatles were the Monkees, who even calculatedly misspelled the name just like the Beatles. The Monkees were four actors portraying longhaired whimsical musicians; however, their music was actually performed by studio musicians. They copied the Beatles to a tee, including their campaign.Before the Beatles came to the US, their manager Brian Epstein had Capital Records spend $50,000 on a campaign, plastering posters all over the country stating, â⠂¬Å"The Beatles Are Coming,† and gave disc jockeys records of interviews with the Beatles to feel like they were actually making personalized interviews. For the Monkees, â€Å"The band’s label spent $100,000 on an ad campaign that involved seventy-six advance men, who distributed thousands of posters proclaiming ‘The Monkees Are Coming’ and provided preview records to 6,000 disc jockeys† (Szatmary 125).After the assassination of President John Kennedy, the whole country was at a low point and the Beatles brought them back to happier times, especially the folk artists. A lot of folk artists felt like the protest was over after Kennedy was killed. Kennedy was making a change in the country, but after his death, they felt like there was no more fight left in them. Bob Dylan, one of the major folk musicians of the era, just gave it all away and went towards the more electrified sounds of the Beatles.Gene Clark, who at the time was part of the folk group the New Christy Minstrels, was on tour when he first heard the Beatles song â€Å"She Loves You. † â€Å"I must have played it 40 times in the two days the New Christy Minstrels were playing that town,’ he later enthused. ‘I knew, I knew that this was the future† (Szatmary 140). Gene Clark later quit the New Christy Minstrels and formed his own band with Roger McGuinn and a few other former folk musicians. They called themselves the Byrds, misspelling it to emulate the spelling error in the Beatles.They combined Dylanese folk, vocal harmonies and Beatles music to create folk rock. Other folk bands that switched to folk rock were the Turtles, Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel, and Scotland’s folk singer Donovan Leitch, which Paul McCartney was featured singing with him on his song â€Å"Mellow Yellow. † One other band was Lovin’ Spoonful who owed their debt to Dylan and none other than the Beatles. When new wave and punk music started in th e late 1970s, their sound and style could still be heard in artists like the Squeeze, the Police, and Elvis Costello. Their music has spoken not only to its own time but to every generation since† (Campbell, Brody 168). In the late 1980s a new style of music called â€Å"baggy† originated from Manchester. The musical devotees sported Bealte-esque haircuts and drew heavily on the 1960s. They fused Beatles psychedelic with electronic elements taken from the simultaneously developing acid house scene. You can see the Beatles influence in the guitar style and song arrangements of the Stone Roses, guitarist John Squire cited them as one of his main influences.The mid 90s saw a whole new host of Beatles influenced bands. The band Cast, which was formed by guitarist John Powers in 1994, has Lennon-esque vocals and memorable songs, which are still reaping the rewards. In 1995 a Liverpool band called the Boo Radleys had both the Beatles pop and psychedelic styles. Songwriter/gui tarist Martin Carr told Melody Maker in 1994 that, â€Å"There's never been a time when they haven't been a part of my life† (Glassman). The Gallagher brothers, who formed the group Oasis, lived and breathed the Beatles.They even named dropped the Beatles whenever they could in interviews. They would write their own melodies and then arrange them in a Bealte-esque style, but with a rocky, attitude-dowsed edge. â€Å"It's beyond an obsession. It's an ideal for living. I don't even know how to justify it to myself. With every song that I write, I compare it to The Beatles,’ Noel Gallagher told Q in 1996† (Glassman). Of the eight years that were the Beatles, no band has received more attention from fans, musicians, and scholars. Their music tells us more about the sixties than any other band.Their influence is seen in music and even the technology used to record music. From their first album Please Please Me (1963) all the way to their last album Hey Jude (1970), n o band has seen such a diverse selection of songs, going from retro one minute to folk-influenced the next. With their use of experimentation, they have opened a whole new door to the way rock is heard, converting even folk musicians, like the Byrds, to their style of music. You can still hear their inspiration in music even in today’s bands such as Oasis. Yet no one has seemed to copy the sound that was the Beatles.

Compare and contrast CBT and psychodynamic approaches to...

Compare and contrast CBT and psychodynamic approaches to counselling focusing particularly on trauma and PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder): Theory and therapy. When working with clients in today’s society it’s extremely important to take into consideration the specific needs of each individual. Serious contemplation is given to the approaches and methods regarding the client’s need and presenting matters. Trauma appears in many forms in society, even from the 1960’s due to the impact on returning soldiers from war. Since this, trauma has been categorised and widely researched leading to numerous theories. Psychotherapies were one of the first approaches to be founded in the 1970’s, which were the foundations to counselling†¦show more content†¦This treatment approach is based on cognitive and learning theories, tackling-misleading beliefs related to the traumatic events of acknowledgments related to the abuse and provides a supportive environment of which individuals are encouraged to talk about their traumatic experience. A numerous amount of research has been carried out to investigate into how effective CBT really can be for PTSD. (Resick et al, 2002) carried out an investigation comparing CBT with strong cognitive restructuring focus and CBT with a strong exposure focus and to a waiting-list control of rape survivors. Prior to this experiment approximately 80% of patients who completed either form of CBT no longer met the criteria for PTSD. Once this investigation was complete a follow up treatment took place of which it was noted 2% of the waiting list group had lost the PTSD diagnoses. Only a year after this investigation Bryant, Moulds, Guthrie, Dang Nixon, (2003) restructured the experiment comparing exposure alone, exposure plus cognitive restructuring, and supportive counselling in civilians with PTSD resulting from various traumatic events. At this particular follow up 65-80% of participants who either completed either form of CBT were now clear of PTSD diagnosis, compared to less than 40% of those who completed supportive counselling.