Negative Body Image Essay Example for Free

prejudicial Body Image EssayA study showed that women experience an average of 13 disconfirming thoughts about their frame distributively day, while 97% of women admit to having at least one I hate my soundbox moment each day (raderprograms). Teens today ar confront with many pressures how they dress, who their friends are, who they are going to date, and most importantly, what they look like. In todays society, body consider is more than just the affable picture a person has of what their body looks like. For many, body stunt woman is also a reflection of how they feel about themselves and their lives.People with a negative body image remember that if they do non look right, new(prenominal) things, such as their personality, intelligence, social skills, or capabilities, also are not right. They think that if they fix their bodies, all their different problems will disappear. This can result in unhealthy freight management practices and an unhealthy relationship w ith food. People excessively diet and cypher out of precaution of gaining weight. The media today portrays stick thin women with beautiful faces and size 0 bodies, but the truth is, the majority of runway models meet the Body Mass Index (BMI) criteria to be considered anorexic (raderprograms).When influenced by role models like these, teenagers start to feel inferior if they do not look the same. In turn, when put under the pressure of women in the media, teenagers will most likely develop a negative body image, ingest or sense modality disorder, or other unhealthy addictions if they feel their bodies do not measure up to those of women portrayed. Negative body image is a serious issue that can be greatly influenced by todays media. Body image refers to a persons feelings about how attractive their body is.Celebrities like Kate Moss are 30+% under their ideal body weight, on with this, adolescent girls are more afraid of gaining weight than earnting cancer, losing their parent s, or nuclear war (raderprograms). Research has shown that media exposure to unattainable physical perfection is injurious to people, especially women, and that the detrimental effects are currently more the rule than the exception (An Intervention for the Negative Influence on Body Esteem 405-418). Negative body image affects all aspects (physical, mental, social, and spiritual) of the body negatively and cause problems like first gear, anxiety and social anxiety.Roughly half of the women in the U. S. wear size 14 or boastfullyr though most standard clothing retailers only cater to size 14 and smaller (raderprograms). Having a negative body image can be detrimental to a persons self-esteem they will always scrutinize themselves in mirrors and be envious to others bodies, whether it is celebrities, friends or even complete strangers. Many people with a negative body image will start to diet to control their weight and get it to where they want it to be. At any given time, one in every three women and one in any four men are on a diet (raderprograms).People diet to be thinner and more attractive, to look like people they see in the media. A People mag survey showed that 80% of female takers felt that women in movies and television programs made them feel insecure about their bodies (raderprograms). The media is very negative towards people who are not as small as models and (most) actresses. The average U. S. model weighs 117 lbs and is 511, while the average U. S. woman weighs 140 lbs and is 54 (raderprograms). The media also is a very strong advocate of dieting and especially diet pills.While dieting can be done healthily, some teenagers abuse dieting 73% of teenage girls who abuse diet pills and 79% of teenage girls who self-purge (the act of forcibly making themselves vomit or abusing laxatives to not absorb calories) frequently read womens fitness and health magazines (raderprograms). People who diet collect an increased amount of depression due to bo dy image and not getting the results they expect. Thirty-five portion of occasional dieters progress into pathological dieting (disordered eating) and as many as 25% advance to full blown eating disorders (raderprograms).Medical researchers believe that 80 percent of all eating disorders started with a diet (The Causes of Negative Body Image). Media causes teens to feel insecure and have low self-esteem. It is one of the leading causes of Eating Disorders in the United States. Eating Disorders affect 10+ million females and 1+ million males (raderprograms). Many teens suffer from eating disorders and it majorly affects a persons life. When you have an eating disorder at a young age, you cant shake it easily.Ive suffered with anorexia and bulimia since I was 12 years old, along with severe depression and anxiety disorders. It was largely influenced by the media and the pressure to be thin. Youre always pre-occupied with the voices telling you not to eat this, or not to eat that beca use you want to be thin, right? Its always there and its hard. You know what youre doing is wrong, but man does it feel so right. (Billstein). For females between the ages 15-24 who suffer from anorexia, the mortality invest associated with the illness is twelve times higher than he death rate of ALL other causes of death (raderprograms). When a person develops an eating disorder they whitethorn also become addicted to exercise along with restricting calories. Exercise addiction is maladaptive, causing more prostitute than benefits. People become addicted to exercise in order to be thinner. This is usually paired with an eating disorder or negative body image. A person will exercise and topaz off every calorie that they have consumed during the day and run their calorie count into the negatives so they do not absorb any calories at all. I feel in control of my body when I exercise.I can see exactly how many calories I have burnt out of my body being able to burn the small amount of calories that I have managed to eat just feels good. (Billstein). About 10% of gym users have exercise addiction. other disorder that ties in with eating disorders is Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). BDD is imagined ugliness, where a person picks apart everything about themselves until their self-esteem is very low, making them susceptible to mood disorders. It is the gateway drug to eating disorders and negative body image, depression, anxiety and other altered mood disorders. 0% of people diagnosed with eating disorders also suffer from BDD. When I look at myself in the mirror, I dont see what other people see. I see a girl with a large forehead, big thighs, a fat stomach and beady little eyes. I hate my body so much that what I see is totally change and disgusting. I dont want to look like this, thats why I resorted to other things that I could control eating and how much. (Billstein). When a person has depression, anxiety, eating disorders or other altered mood disorders they may become addicted to unhealthy activities.An unhealthy addiction that many people, teenagers primarily, form is self-harm. It has many call self-injury, self-injurious behavior, self-abuse, self-cutting, and repetitive self-harm syndrome. It is most often called self-mutilation. Regardless of what name a person uses, it is the intentional destruction or alteration of ones own body tissue without conscious suicidal intent (How Negative Body Image Affects the Body and Mind). Self-harm consists of any bodily injury whether it be cutting, burning, scratching, picking or preventing the mend of wounds.Individuals self-harm to release pain. Some people say they self-mutilate because they are emotionally numb and it helps them feel something. When cutting, the person feels in control of the pain, while on the inside, they cannot control mental pain from disorders or depression. Those who cut feel a relief afterwards but it gets more intense of an addiction the longer it goes. They e xperience strong cravings to harm themselves and withdrawals when in recovery. I cut because I can control it. Im not saying that its a good thing, but Im in recovery and I have relapsed.It takes control of your mind youre in a sad state when you take that blade to your skin. You have the scars forever to remember the times youve been through, but they show strength not weakness. Theyre battle scars and they show that youve conquered, not been defeated, youre still alive and here, and thats beautiful. (Billstein). 90% of self-injury individuals begin harming themselves during their teen years or younger. (Cutting Self Injury Facts amp Statistics). Only 4% of women in the world truly think they are beautiful (raderprograms). There are some positive body image influences in the media including Dove skincare.They have the Real Beauty bid showing chastise to plus size models in a positive atmosphere. There is a drastic difference between Doves Real Beauty campaign (Figure 1) and Vict orias Secrets new Love My Body campaign (Figure 2). Some forms of media are only positive to a certain weight group (i. e Love My Body campaign). Women should not be ashamed of their bodies, they should embrace them and show off their best features. Youre going to be in this body for the rest of your life, so you might as well learn to like it (Billstein). Figure 1 (Rana). Figure 2 (McDonell-Parry).Overall, negative body image is a very dangerous issue to have because it can lead to destructive behaviors like eating disorders, low self-esteem, mood disorders, exercise addiction and other unsafe body disorders. When teenagers are put under the pressure of women in the media, they are at a higher risk of developing a negative body image, eating or mood disorders and other unsafe addictions if their bodies are not as slim.

Death and its effects Essay Example for Free

Death and its effects EssayThere is a certain sequence to life. We ar born, we die and the part in the middle is c tot eachyed life. Everyone essential die and every religion in the world seems to have a belief ab proscribed what happens after end.We open fire die at any duration be it by accident, illness, disease or old age. Unfortunately accidents and disease are quite common and cause ofttimes more distress to making love ones than if someone dies of old age. This is because of the order of death which we expect. Most people believe that Grandparents should die first, followed by Parents then(prenominal) finally Children. However, the world does not always progress to this way, spawning the phrase a parent should never have to bury their child. Accidents undersurface strike someone down at anytime as can illness. When this happens it is ordinarily a shock and the grief caused by this can be dependent on the age if a younger person dies then the shock can be deva stating besides if someone dies in their twilight years then the shock is greatly reduced as the family is half expecting it and they have led a full life.When someone dies, people do it with it in different ways. Some people cry and sob while others will quietly sit and contemplate. In other instances, people will go into denial and refuse to believe that their loved one is gone. This type of denial is aided by the fact that we do not have to deal with death directly, more often than not we will arrange for a funeral director to plan and take care dispatch everything. umteen people tell their loved ones how they feel everyday, this allows them to be secure in that their loved one will not die without them knowing they love them. People do not like for someone to die if they have not told them all that they should have or have ended their last intercourse in an argument. They begin to have that underlying feeling of guilt and foreboding.To know that someone knows what you are g oing done is a great help to the divest, friends can come over and offer their support and allow the person to explain how they feel. The unscathed idea of talking to someone is the basis of therapy and can offer some relief through sympathy/empathy. Funerals, after they have been arranged are often held within the week of the person dying. This is to offer some finality to the whole process and to let the relatives to decide whether they want an open coffin or closed coffin funeral.Funerals vary from one Christian denomination to another but they all have a glimmer of hope in them for the relatives and friends. The hope of eternal life in the presence of God allows the church to help the bereaved deal with their loss by encouraging them to believe that they will be reunited with them after they die.In a funeral, the coffin is carried from its method of transport to the church (this is usually a hearse, but can be a horse-drawn carriage) by the pall-bearers. These are often the m ale members of the family who were closest to the deceased.I am the Resurrection and the Life. He whobelieves in Me will live, even though he diesand whoever lives and believes in me will never die.(John 1125-26)The above verses from John 11 are often read. These words are used to comfort the bereaved as they speak of eternal life and love. There are also often hymns, prayers for the person who has died and other Bible readings. The priest will then give a short sermon on the Christian beliefs of life after death. Eulogies are also often read out by a member of the family or a close friend. A eulogy is a short speech about the life of the person who has died. It is tralatitious to wear black clothing at funerals. This is not required however and some families will request that guests do not dress in this way. A Roman Catholic funeral also includes a Requiem Mass. For this, the priest will wear white vestments and the coffin will be covered in a white pall. The coffin is sprinkled with Holy Water and the priest saysIn the waters of baptism (name) died with Christ,and rose with him to new life. May s/he nowshare with him in eternal glory.The coffin is then sprinkled again and later perfumed with incense. After the funeral, many Christians put on a meal for guests to thank them for coming. In the suit of Roman Catholics and many Irish Christians, a wake will be put on. A wake is a small, lively party to celebrate the persons strait into Heaven and their life.Of course, the person who all this was held for does not realise. The deceased person is not really on that point and only an empty shell remains. There are several(prenominal) different, but equally important reasons for holding a funeral. A funeral marks the ending of a human life, as baptism marks the beginning. It also allows the families to go through the various stages of grief. A funeral lets them see that the person is gone forever, but gives them comfort and support from faith. A funeral is used by Christians to be reminded of one of Christianitys main beliefs there is life after death and that God will give us strength to face up to our sorrow.Graves are also often erected. These carve are permanent markers to the person and can last hundreds of years. It is very interesting to walk around a cemetery and see the impact someone has make on another persons life as some graves have monumental tombstones on them. These come at a huge price and it is astonish to see that someone has paid so often money for something the deceased will never seeIn Christian terms, there are two places after you die, Heaven and Hell. There is much debate about whether Heaven and Hell are actual places. The Literalists believe it is as the bible clearly mentions it in the New Testament. According to older theories, Heaven is a place where those who are sinless go to be with God and everyone is happy. On the other hand, Hell was meant to be a place of fire and brimstone where everyone suffered for their sins. Now here is where the argument comes in. Many people say that Hell cannot exist because it is impossible for such a loving and forgiving God to create a place of suffering. Some Christians also believe that Heaven and Hell are not so much places as states of mind. Heaven is where you are at peace and can be with God and Hell is where you are confined and isolated from the warmth of Gods love.A ultramodern story of the literal differences between Heaven and Hell goes as followsA man dies and is greeted by St. Peter at the gates of Heaven. The man asks if he can see both Heaven and Hell before he is judged. St. Peter agrees and an angel escorts the man into a room. In the room, there is a long dine table. The man asks where they are and the angel tells him that they are in Hell. He explains that in both Heaven and Hell, you are treated equally and can eat all your favorite foods from the table on one condition you must eat them with 6 foot long utensils. The man pond ers on this for a moment then asks what the difference is between the two. The angel tells him that in Heaven, people are well fed as they feed one another while the people in Hell starve as they only try to feed themselves and fail.In Christian beliefs about resurrection, the idea that the whole body is resurrected, not just the soulfulness is prominent. Jesus was recognised by St. Peter after his resurrection (see Corinthians 1535-57), this shows us that when we are resurrected, our new bodies will be recognisable to our family and friends.Jewish beliefs about death are not so different from those of Christianity. Instead of Heaven and Hell, Jews believe that all souls go to Sheol, a shadowy underworld. The Jewish faith also has beliefs on resurrection. According to Maimonides, when the Messiah comes, all the dead will be resurrected and judged.In death, every member of the family is affected. Adults know what is going on, but what about the children. What should we tell them? Ma ny parents explain to their children that whoever has died has gone with the angels. This is often the easiest way as children associate angels with happiness. This reasoning is often why people grow up imagining Heaven to be in the clouds above our Earth and full of angels, it is a remnant of our childhood. However, some parents decide to not tell their children anything. It all depends on the individual child and how they will cope with this new information. Some children can cope with the hard evidence someone has died and isnt going to come back, while others cannot grasp the concept of death until they are much older.All religions have theories on life and death. In the New Age religions, many people believe in the Gaia theory. The Gaia theory was positive many hundreds of years ago and can be found in old texts about the meaning of life. The Gaia theory tells us that the Earth on which we live has a spirit and that all living organisms have their spirit given by Gaia (the Ea rth spirit). These organisms live their respective lives and soak up their experiences to enrich its spirit. When the organism dies, its spirit returns to Gaia and the experiences it had allow Gaia to create new lives.After looking at several different religions, it is apparent that all have one thing in common the belief that after you die a part of you lives on and returns to something, be it Allah, Gaia or God.

Genetic Engineering of BT Cotton

Genetic Engineering of BT CottonINTRODUCTIONBT cotton fiber fiberCotton and another(prenominal) monocultured crops require an intensive social function of fellericides as discordant types of pests attack these crops causing extensive damage. Over the past 40 years, many pests have developed foeman to pesticides.cSo far, the but successful approach to technology crops for dirt ball tolerance has been the addition of Bt toxin, a family of toxins originally derived from soil bacteria. The Bt toxin contained by the Bt crops is no different from other chemical pesticides, but causes much less damage to the environment. These toxins atomic number 18 effective against a variety of economically important crop pests but pose no hazard to non-target organisms like mammals and fish. Three Bt crops are now commercially operational corn, cotton, and potato.As of now, cotton is the most popular of the Bt crops it was planted on about 1.8 million acres (728437 ha) in 1996 and 1997. Th e Bt gene was isolated and transferred from a bacterium bacillus thurigiensis to American cotton. The American cotton was subsequently crossed with Indian cotton to introduce the gene into native varieties.The Bt cotton variety contains a orthogonal gene obtained from bacillus thuringiensis. This bacterial gene, introduced genetically into the cotton seeds, protects the plants from bollworm (A. lepidoptora), a major pest of cotton. The worm feeding on the leaves of a BT cotton plant becomes lethargic and sleepy, thereby causing less damage to the plantCotton is a soft, staple fiber that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to equatorial and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, India and Africa. The fiber most often is spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile, which is the most widely used natural-fiber stuff in clothing today. It is a natural fibre. The English name, which began to be used circa 1400, de rives from the Arabic meaning cotton. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, In the southerly United States, cotton was known as King Cotton because of the great economic and cultural influence it had there.Cotton has been spun, woven, and dyed since prehistoric times. It clothed the mountain of ancient India, Egypt, and China. Hundreds of years before the Christian era cotton textiles were woven in India with matchless skill, and their use spread to the Mediterranean countries. In the 1st cent. Arab traders brought comely muslin and calico to Italy and Spain. The Moors introduced the cultivation of cotton into Spain in the 9th cent. Fustians and dimities were woven there and in the 14th cent. in Venice and Milan, at first with a linen warp. Little cotton cloth was imported to England before the 15th cent., although small amounts were obtained chiefly for candlewicks. By the 17th cent. the East India Company was bringing rare fabrics from India. Native Americans skillfully spun and wove cotton into fine garments and dyed tapestries. Cotton fabrics found in Peruvian tombs are said to belong to a pre-Inca culture. In color and texture the ancient Peruvian and Mexican textiles resemble those found in Egyptian tombs.Field trials have n that farmers who grew the Bt variety obtained 25%-75% more cotton than those who grew the normal variety. Also, Bt cotton requires only two sprays of chemical pesticide against eight sprays for normal variety. According to the director general of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, India uses about half of its pesticides on cotton to fight the bollworm menace. complete cottonOrganic cotton is cotton that is grown without insecticide or pesticide. Worldwide, cotton is a pesticide-intensive crop, using approximately 25% of the worlds insecticides and 10% of the worlds pesticides.Organic market-gardening uses methods that are ecological, economical, and socially sustainable and denies the use of agrochemicals and artificial fertilizers. Instead, organic fertiliser agriculture uses crop rotation, the growing of different crops than cotton in alternative years. The use of insecticides is prohibited organic agriculture uses natural enemies to suppress harmful insects. The production of organic cotton is more expensive than the production of conventional cotton. Although toxic pollution from synthetic chemicals is eliminated, other pollution-like problems may remain, particularly run-off. Organic cotton is produced in organic agricultural systems that produce food and fiber according to clearly established standards. Organic agriculture prohibits the use of toxic and persistent chemical pesticides and fertilizers, as head as genetically modified organisms. It seeks to build biologically diverse agricultural systems, replenish and affirm soil fertility, and promote a healthy environment.Bacillus thuringiensisBacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium of the genus Bacillus. Additio nally, B. thuringiensis also occurs naturally in the gut of caterpillars of various types of moths and butterflies, as well as on the dark surface of plants.1B. thuringiensis was discovered 1901 in Japan by Ishiwata and 1911 in Germany by Ernst Berliner, who discovered a disease called Schlaffsucht in flour moth caterpillars. B. thuringiensis is closely related to B. cereus, a soil bacterium, and B. anthracis, the cause of anthrax the three organisms differ mainly in their plasmids. Like other members of the genus, all three are aerobes capable of producing endospores.1Upon sporulation, B. thuringiensis forms shoutstals of proteinaceous insecticidal -endotoxins (Cry toxins) which are encoded by cry genes.2 Cry toxins have specific activities against species of the orders Lepidoptera (Moths and Butterflies), Diptera (Flies and Mosquitoes) and Coleoptera (Beetles). Thus, B. thuringiensis serves as an important reservoir of Cry toxins and cry genes for production of biological insecti cides and insect-resistant genetically modified crops. When insects ingest toxin crystals the alkaline pH of their digestive tract causes the toxin to become activated. It becomes inserted into the insects gut cell membranes forming a pore resulting in swelling, cell lysis and eventually killing the insect.Genetically modified cottonGenetically modified (GM) cotton was developed to reduce the heavy reliance on pesticides. The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis naturally produces a chemical harmful only to a small fraction of insects, most notably the larvae of moths and butterflies, beetles, and flies, and harmless to other forms of life. The gene coding for BT toxin has been inserted into cotton, causing cotton to produce this natural insecticide in its tissues. In many regions the main pests in commercial cotton are lepidopteran larvae, which are killed by the BT protein in the transgenic cotton that they eat. This eliminates the need to use large amounts of broad-spectrum insectici des to kill lepidopteran pests (some of which have developed pyrethroid resistance). This spares natural insect predators in the farm ecology and further contributes to non-insecticide pest management.BT cotton is ineffective against many cotton pests, however, such as plant bugs, stink bugs, aphids, etc. depending on circumstances it may still be desirable to use insecticides against these.Genetically modified cotton is widely used throughout the world. However, researchers have recently published the first documented case of in-field pest resistance to GM cotton. The International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) said that, worldwide, GM cotton was planted on an area of 67,000 km in 2002. This is 20% of the worldwide summate area planted in cotton. The U.S. cotton crop was 73% GM in 2003.Cotton has gossypol, a toxin that makes it inedible. However, scientists have silenced the gene that produces the toxin, making it a potential food crop.UsesSpore s and crystalline insecticidal proteins produced by B. thuringiensis are used as specific insecticides under trade names such as Dipel and Thuricide. Because of their specificity, these pesticides are regarded as environmentally friendly, with little or no effect on humans, wildlife, pollinators, and most other beneficial insects. The Belgian association Plant Genetic Systems was the first company (in 1985) to develop genetically engineered (tobacco) plants with insect tolerance by expressing cry genes from B. thuringiensis.B. thurigiensis-based insecticides are often applied as liquid sprays on crop plants, where the insecticide mustiness be ingested to be effective. It is thought that the solubilized toxins form pores in the midgut epithelium of susceptible larvae. Recent research has suggested that the midgut bacteria of susceptible larvae are required for B. thuringiensis insecticidal activity.Genetic engineering for pest controlBt crops (in corn and cotton) were planted on 28 1,500 km in 2006 (165,600 km of Bt corn and 115900 km of Bt cotton). This was equivalent to 11.1% and 33.6% respectively of global plantings of corn and cotton in 2006. Claims of major benefits to farmers, including poor farmers in developing countries, have been made by advocates of the technology, and have been challenged by opponents. The task of isolating impacts of the technology is complicated by the prevalence of biased observers, and by the rarity of controlled comparisons (such as monovular seeds, differing only in the presence or absence of the Bt trait, being grown in identical situations). The main Bt crop being grown by small farmers in developing countries is cotton, and a recent exhaustive review of findings on Bt cotton by respected and unbiased agricultural economists concluded that the overall balance sheet, though promising, is mixed. Economic returns are highly variable over years, farm type, and geographical fixtureAdvantagesThere are several advantages in exp ressing Bt toxins in transgenic Bt cropsThe level of toxin boldness can be very high thus delivering sufficient dosage to the pest.The toxin expression is contained within the plant system and hence only those insects that feed on the crop perish.The toxin expression can be modulated by using tissue-specific promoters, and replaces the use of synthetic pesticides in the environment. The latter observation has been well documented world-widePossible problemsThe most celebrated problem ever associated with Bt crops was the claim that pollen from Bt maize could kill the milkweed butterfly butterfly. This report was puzzling because the pollen from most maize hybrids contains much lower levels of Bt than the rest of the plant and led to multiple follow-up studies. In the end, it appears that the initial study was blemished based on the way the pollen was collected, they collected and fed non-toxic pollen that was mixed with anther walls that did contain Bt toxin. The weight of the evi dence is that BT crops do not pose a risk to the monarch butterfly butterfly.There was also a report in Nature, that Bt maize was contaminating maize in its center of origin. Nature later concluded that the evidence available is not sufficient to justify the publication of the original paper. A subsequent large-scale study failed to find any evidence of contamination in Oaxaca.

A Profile of United Nations Children’s Fund

A Profile of United Nations Childrens neckclothUnited Nations Childrens FundWe believe in a creation where ZERO kidren die of things we can prevent.The United Nations Childrens Fund, UNICEF, is an intergovernmental organization (IGO) that was started by the United Nations in 1946. UNICEF is non-profit and works to prevent puerility death by up contendd(a) the healthcare, education, and nutrition of children around the world. They also provide emergency relief to those in need. Their reach is international and their goal is to feed nil children die from preventable causes (UNICEF).On December 11, 1946 the United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund was started by the United Nations General Assembly. Its creation coincided with World War II in disposition to bring food and medical care to war-torn children in Europe, the Middle East, and China. The name was shortened to United Nations Childrens Fund in 1953 when it was made a permanent fixture of the United Nations Sys tem (UNICEF USA). Despite its name change, the fund kept the acronym UNICEF which is still in use today. In 1965, the United Nations Childrens Fund won the Nobel Peace Prize for the promotion of brotherhood among nations. (UNICEF). In its 68 year history in that location have been many famous UNICEF Good bequeath ambassadors including Sarah Jessica Parker, Susan Sarandon, Jackie Chan, Shakira, David Beckham, Audrey Hepburn, Danny Kaye ( starting time honor ambassador), and the entire Manchester United Football Club (Borgen Project).UNICEF focuses its energy in more than 190 countries, including the United States (UNICEF). In order to conduct their humanitarian operations they have established offices worldwide. Major operations are carried out through these offices in the event of a natural disaster or emergency. Additionally, there are programs and trainings there year-round. The United States Fund for UNICEF is located in New York City, and is the main U.S. office for UNICEF. Th e U.S. Fund works in cooperation with the government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to help UNICEF achieve the goal of zero preventable child fatalities (UNICEF USA). The United Nations Foundation in DC, Friends of UNFPA in New York, and the International Peace Institute in New York are other associations in the United States that help fund UNICEF projects (UNICEF).UNICEF has a number of programs to help raise funds for their causes. One of the most popular UNICEF fundraisers is Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF. Since the 1950s over $170 trillion dollars has been raised by children for children through the Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF program. The premise of the program is that when kids go door to door on Halloween that kinda of asking for candy, they ask for spare change to gift to UNICEF. Not only does this raise m iodiney for UNICEF to use towards helping children, but it also teaches the children doing the fundraising the value of helping others (Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF). A newer campaign that they have implemented latterly is the UNICEF Tap Project. This project raises funds to give those in need clean drinking water. It works by having people stay off of their phone for as long as possible, and the longer they are off of their phone, the more money that gets donated by a 3rd party company, Giorgio Armani (UNICEF).None of the funding for UNICEF comes from the assessed dues from the United Nations instead their donations come from individuals, NGOs, foundations, governments, and corporations (UNICEF). For the 2011-2012 Fiscal year UNICEF had a total income of $3,866 million. When broken down fifty-seven percent of donations came from the government, and 32 percent was raised by NGOs and members of the private sector. UNICEF is cognise for being a reputable charity that uses a majority of its income for its cause. Of the total income $3,416 million dollars went to development, $322 million went to management, $127 was for special purposes, and $2 m illion was for United Nations development coordination (Charity Navigator). in that respect are a number of ways that individuals of all ages can get involved with UNICEFs mission. Young children can help through programs like Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF (Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF). kick the bucket school and college students can join clubs that are dedicated to raising money for UNICEF. Adults, with at least a bachelors degree and experience in certain fields, can even personally volunteer with UNICEFs missions. Another way that anyone can be involved is by monetary donations made to UNICEF or one of its funds (UNICEF USA).One of the most prevalent causes of preventative childhood death is starvation. UNICEF battles childhood hunger in many ways including giving children peanut glue and micronutrient powder. Peanut paste is a high-energy therapeutic food. It works well because it is high in calories and does not require any preparation or refrigeration. homogeneous its name sugge sts the micronutrient powder contains many vitamins and minerals necessary for healthy growth and development in children. It also improves immune function and helps prevent disease (UNICEF USA). For only $10 UNICEF can distribute 321 packets of micronutrient powder. UNICEF helps infants who suffer from malnutrition by teaching mothers the benefits of breast feeding. Breast fed children are six times more likely to survive the first few months than children who are not breast fed. Also, UNICEF still helps provide food in emergencies such as natural disasters (UNICEF).Along with helping fight childhood malnutrition, UNICEF also improves childrens lives by providing healthcare, clean water, and educational supplies. More than one third of the worlds children have received a vaccination or immunization thanks to UNICEF. They have also helped 1.8 billion people have access to clean drinking water. If there are not drivable roads UNICEF will deliver supplies by bicycle, boat, and even do nkey when necessary. They are well trusted and have even made cease fire agreements to get to children in war zones (UNICEF USA).In the 68 years since it was founded, UNICEF has helped save more childrens lives than any other humanitarian organization. They are extremely dedicated to helping lower child mortality rates, and have been successful so far. A number of their programs work with children from birth to help end childhood malnutrition. Their work has reached billions of people in the last seven decades and will continue to in the future.Works CitedCharity Navigator Advanced Search.Charity Navigator. UNICEF, n.d. Web. 1 May 2014.Help Children Humanitarian Aid Emergency rilievo UNICEF USA. UNICEF USA. United States Fund for UNICEF, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF. UNICEF. United Nations Childrens Fund, n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2014.UNICEF United Nations Childrens Fund. UNICEF. United Nations Childrens Fund, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.UNICEFs First Celebrity Ambassa dor, Danny Kaye The Borgen Project. The Borgen Project RSS2. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.

Importance Of A Teaching Philosophy Education Essay

Importance Of A Teaching Philosophy Education EssayAlhamdulillah, my direction carry intercourse began when I was bland a learner in secondary school. The recess and breaks were the occasions for me to involve myself in the teaching process. This continued at home whereby I used to furbish up phone calls from my friends to explain about a particular topic from overcomes alike mathematics, physics and chemis castigate. After graduating from college, I worked for six months as teacher in a private secondary school in my locality before engaging myself into tertiary studies. Hence, I could say that working(a) as a teacher by and by my graduation from university is roundthing I would consider as normal.Actually, I am in my fifth year as an educator and Alhamdulillah, I had the experience of working in three diverse schools with students, both boys and girls, from different socio-cultural backgrounds. In the following chapters, I would like to shargon my teaching philosophy. But prototypal, the importance of fixing ones teaching philosophy will be discussed.Chapter Two Importance of a Teaching PhilosophyA teaching philosophy statement is a systematic and critical principle that focuses on the key components defining effective teaching and nurture in a particular discipline and/or institutional context (Schonwetter et all, 2002, p.84). According to Campos (2010, p.2), it states our learning experiences, goals, beliefs, level of professionalism and self-development among many other elements. As for Natasha Kenny (2008, p.8), an educational developer at the University of Guelph, a teaching philosophy statement clearly and logically elapses what your fundamental values and beliefs argon about teaching and learning, why you hold these values and beliefs, and how you translate these values and beliefs into your everyday teaching and learning experiences.Regarding the importance of developing a teaching philosophy, Coppola (2002, p.450) states that the teaching statement gives you a starting point for examining your teaching practices, allows you to sh are your ideas with others, and allows you to monitor the progress of your own development as a teacher.Brookfield (1990) identified four different theatrical roles in developing a teaching philosophy. These purposes are ad hominem purpose it is good that your teaching philosophy reflects why you are doing what you are doing.Political purpose your teaching philosophy needs to show that your position is grounded in a healthful-developed and carefully philosophy of practice. This helps you to gain respect, which is important to grow yourself in the political area. skipper purpose your teaching philosophy needs to show your professional goals to develop an identity that will help you to im attempt the development of professional strengths among other teachers.pedagogical purpose teaching is about growing and finding raw ways to develop your slightons according to the learners need s, so your teaching philosophy should show what effect you are having on students and on their learning?Chapter Three My Teaching Philosophy3.1 Teaching in GeneralTeaching should be such that what is offered is perceived as a valu commensurate gift rather than a hard duty Albert EinsteinAlhamdulillah, since I began teaching, I had the occasion to teach different subjects, besides Mathematics, like English Literature, Computer Studies and Integrated Science to students with a broad range of needs, knowledge, and cultural backgrounds. Apart from working as educator in colleges, I also savor to help my friends and others outside school. Moreover, I used to give a special course on Tajweed to my brothers of the Islamic faith in the mosque. I once had the luck to teach a friend who was undertaking his undergraduate degree in Mathematics and he was older than me. Several important general principles that I try to use in my teaching practice can be shaped as followsNo matter how exper ienced a teacher is, every new class and every new student pose a challenge. For excellence in teaching, there is always room for improvement.A teacher has to appeal to different learning styles, to offer a variety of instructional experiences, and to keep an open mind to new teaching techniques to give every student the fortune to go into fully and actively in the learning process.Being a successful teacher depends on creating a learning milieu with the open exploration of ideas, a relationship in which students savor respected as well as challenged. Students should be assistd to stretch themselves a bit beyond their level of shelter and be given an opportunity to leave every class feeling that they hurl overcome a new challenge successfully.Teaching should be an implicit in(p) component of the creation of new knowledge, an initial step toward continuing education, and first of all, self-education.Though student satisfaction is important for better learning, teaching espec ially in mathematics should non become a popularity contest, or a show. A teacher is responsible to the society in general, and should resist the pressure of lowering donnish standards in education.3.2 Teaching of MathematicsWe could use up devil Eternities in learning all that is to be learned about our own world and the thousands of nations that hold in arisen and flourished and vanished from it. Mathematics alone would occupy me eight million years Mark TwainMathematics is like draughts checkers in being suitable for the young, not too difficult, amusing, and without peril to the state PlatoBeing a mathematics teacher as well as a lover of the subject, there are nearly features of mathematics that chip ins it a very special discipline. To name a fewMathematics is an excellent intellectual game where all the players win.Mathematics is also a model that can be used for developing independent and critical thinking.Mathematics can be forgathern as a language that allows us to communicate ideas precisely between ourselves.Lastly, mathematics is a tool used in natural sciences and, thus, a required discipline for many students.The above statements alone make me to share my numeral knowledge, among others, to my students. However, my goals for teaching mathematics are many. Firstly, communicate to my students that mathematics is a fun and improve their confidence about mathematics as well as reducing their anxiety about mathematics. Other goals areDetect and fill gaps in students prior math knowledgeDevelop a numeric sense about quantities, geometry, and symbolsDevelop a variety of problem-solving strategies and basic computational skillsEnable and empower studentsEnable students to make judgments based on quantitative information, to prove basic results, to read mathematics effectively and to make their own thought processesEncourage a broader interest in mathematicsEnsure that students really record conceptsEstablish constructive student attitudes about mathematicsFacilitate acquisition of life-long learning skillsFoster a desire to ask mathematics questions, critical thinking, student discovery of mathematics and foster understanding of the proofs of key theoremsTeach the cup of tea of mathematicsHelp students learn the key theorems and their applications mend students understanding of applied scienceImprove students writing abilitiesIncrease the number of mathematics majors as well as the students mathematical knowledgeModel expert problem-solvingMotivate students to make an exertion to learn mathematicsOpen the doors to other opportunities for studentsPrepare future mathematicians, students for technical careers and students to be knowledgeable adultsTeach applications to other fields especially for abstract subjects like vectors whereby students often ask the question where will vectors used us in our life?Teach calculator and computer skills, fundamental concepts, generalizing, logical reasoning, mathematical writing , predicting, problem-solving and proof-reading of mathematicsTeach students how to translate back and forth between words and mathematicsTeach students to work collaborativelyIt is, unfortunately, very difficult to try to show the real beauty of mathematics in the framework of about existing curricula as they are designed to feed students with often more facts than anyone could swallow. Just covering the required real usually takes a bit more time than is available. Another problem is that mathematics as a language can be quite technical, and to formulate something meaningful, one has to spend years learning rules of the mathematical grammar first.I consider mathematics to be a challenging subject to teach, which makes it especially attractive for me. I try to use every possibility to expose students to the exciting world of mathematics, often implicitly, so they may not even notice it at first. I think that students participation is crucial for learning mathematics.3.3 Teaching Styles and MethodsMy mathematics classroom features multiple of methods of instruction that depends onthe subject matter of the lesson, that is, the topic to be taught andmy experience with how soul students and classes best learn mathematics.On some occasions, the student-centred approach or whole-class discussions are undertaken while on other occasions, small-group investigations are carried out and still others see individuals working one-on-one with another student or with me. This classroom interaction helps build relationships between my students and I and simultaneously, among the students themselves. These various classroom practices help address the varied learning styles found in the mathematics classroom.Furthermore, I prepare my classes meticulously, except I like to improvise whenever possible. I dislike being interrupted during my translation but I love it when the students ask questions afterwards and I congratulate them for any good questions and comments. I ope n each school term with a sketch reminder of the previous sessions material and an outline of the days topic, and I typically conclude with a summary of key points. There is a special session for review before every major test. I usually speak clearly, loudly, and slowly, but enthusiastically. Students are encouraged to learn from each other as their grades are not curved, thus, students are not competing with their classmates. In some classes, especially my Integrated Science classes, I give group projects and homework, depending on the topic being covered. When possible, I distribute solutions to homework problems, quizzes, and tests. To reduce students anxiety about tests, I normally give my students revision exercises before any major test and I encourage them to work extra problems on their own and come to see me for any problems. I do not consider memorization to be the most important in mathematics classes this is why I make and encourage my students a lot to practice maxim um number of problems. If the curriculum would have allowed it, I would make all my tests open-book/notes. Assignments and projects are naturally integrated into my courses. I spend time explaining the assignments and solving similar problems in class for further discussion.3.4 Use of TechnologyI remember that once I was in a meeting with my above seventy year old rector and he told me In my time, when we had to do a mathematical calculation, we used the logarithm table and he asked me whether I knew how to use the logarithm table Alhamdulillah, today we have the electronic calculator. This little piece of applied science is the merely electronic device that our students can use in their studies as the different curricula do not cater for the use of other electronic devices in the examination room. I would have loved to see a change in these curricula which would enable more the use of technology in the learning of mathematics. Personally, I am a great fan of the newest educationa l software that may be used in the teaching and learning process. At present, to use mathematical software at college would appear unrealistic but I hope to find a change soon in the curricula which will make it real. However, students first need to understand that technology is a tool, more like a compass or a protractor, and that technology must be used only as a tool. Central to my use of technology in the classroom is the idea that students must understand what they are doing mathematically even when they use technology as an aid.As mentioned earlier, the most ubiquitous piece of technology in and out of the classroom is the electronic calculator. While the calculator can be a useful tool to lessen the drudgery of calculations, it is important for students to be able to function without it. This does not mean that calculators should not be used, but rather that students should have some intuition about whether an answer is reasonable. The use of calculators and other technology can improve a students intuition of mathematics and mathematical reasoning. While most exercises in a statistics class have relatively small data sets, using premade data sets and computer programs allows students to gain real experience with professional tools and helps them get word trends. The use of computer software with prepared examples is very useful for in-class visualizations in different courses, such as differential equations, calculus, and even pre-calculus. While doing the assignment for the staff Instructional Technology for my Bed Course, I came across software called Yenka which provides simulations. I really appreciated the part on probability where while explaining the different outcomes when tossing two coins, there a simulation actually tossing the two coins. I hope, insha Allah, to use it when I explaining this topic t my students in the near future.With the advent of tablet PCs, I am hopeful, insha Allah, that it is only a matter of time before the use of m athematical software and online examination at secondary level will be implemented. But, at the same time, I strongly oppose the abuse of technology. There are courses in mathematics, where students need to learn how to use their brain rather than calculators/computers. In my short experience in teaching, I came across an HSc (Higher School Certificate) student doing the simple arithmetic problem using a calculator3.5 My Best Personal AchievementFacilitate things to people and do not make it hard for them Prophet Muhammad (Peace and Blessing of God Almighty be upon Him)I sincerely intrust that the best academic performance of a student is not to see the high-flyer student being ranked first at the end of the year but rather to see the low-achiever student able to answer almost all questions of the same exam paper correctly at the end of the year and have a very good result, regardless of his/her overall rank.At my school, the concept of streaming is applied to separate the best st udents, often labeled as the high-flyers, and those less able students, often labeled as low-achiever students (some proponents of the Marxist view will disagree totally with this concept). Last year, I had the opportunity to work with the less able students of Form I and Form II, teaching Integrated Science. Alhamdulillah, I was motivated but I could that a lot of these students lack motivation. Furthermore, some of them came from poor socio-background and some came from broken families. There was even a child who repeated Form I So, at first it seems very difficult to expect that half of them would understand the different topics even more so that they would pass their final year exam. After all, we are talking about Science which supposedly is a subject for the intelligent students.I figured out that I should use a different approach with them. Finally, I opted for the Learning by Fun concept. It required much more energy from me but Alhamdulillah, I do not regret for one second all the energy used that year when working with these students as the reason is obvious almost all pupils not only passed the final year examination but they actually obtained very good results Masha Allah. The icing on the cake was when the head of the science department informed me that the rector was very pleased with the result.3.6 Concluding NotesI believe that each child is a strange individual who needs a secure, caring, and stimulating atmosphere in which to grow and mature emotionally, intellectually, physically, and socially. It is my desire as an educator to help students meet their fullest potential in these areas by providing an environment that is safe, supports risk-taking, and invites a sharing of ideas. There are three essential elements that I believe are conducive to establishing such an environment,the teacher performing as a guide,allowing the childs natural curiosity to direct his/her learning, andpromoting respect for all things and all people.When the teache rs role is to guide, providing access to information rather than acting as the unproblematic source of information, the students search for knowledge is met as they learn to find answers to their questions. For students to construct knowledge, they need the opportunity to discover for themselves and practice skills in authentic situations. Providing students access to hands-on activities and allowing adequate time and space to use materials that reinforce the lesson being studied creates an opportunity for individual discovery and construction of knowledge to occur.Equally important to self-discovery is having the opportunity to study things that are meaningful and relevant to ones life and interests. Developing a curriculum around student interests fosters intrinsic motivation and stimulates the passion to learn.Helping students to develop a deep love and respect for themselves, others, and their environment occurs through an open sharing of ideas and a judicious approach to disci pline. When the voice of each student is heard, and environment evolves where students feel free to express themselves. Class meetings are one way to encourage such dialogue. I believe children have greater respect for their teachers, their peers, and the lessons presented when they feel safe and sure of what is expected of them. In setting fair and consistent rules initially and stating the importance of every activity, students are shown respect for their presence and time. In call on they learn to respect themselves, others, and their environment.For me, teaching provides an opportunity for continual learning and growth. One of my hopes as an educator is to instill a love of learning in my students, as I share my own passion for learning with them. I feel there is a need for compassionate, strong, and dedicated individuals who are excited about working with children. In our competitive society it is important for students to not only receive a solid education, but to work with s omeone who is aware of and sensitive to their individual needs. Alhamdulillah, I am such a person and will always strive to be the best educator that I can be.

The Hobbit by JRR Tolkein - Bilbos Noblest Moment :: essays research papers

Bilbos noblest moment in The Hobbit, a fantasy book by J. R. R. Tolkien, is when he gives up the Arkenst iodine, a precious jewel. He is commended by well-nigh for his graciousness of giving away such a treasure, for everyone was rushing to try to get it for themselves. Yet, Bilbo gave the stone to the Elvenking and went against of his friends to attempt to protect lives. This is especially noble since no one else could gravel achieved this action and been trusted. It revealed supreme generosity from Bilbo.Bilbo feels that it is essential to settle all the disputes which is why he concludes that giving up the Arkenstone would be the best alternative. A state of war was beginning because the elves and men wanted their fair share of the treasure since they killed Smaug, the dragon who stole the fortune from the dwarfs hundreds of years ago. Maybe, the elves and men could bargain with the Arkenstone which is the heart of Thorin. Thorin treasures it above anything else in the world, and all other riches do not even compare to the Arkenstone. Bilbo figures that this may be the only performance that could save lives, and he wants to achieve that objective. plane though the stone does not rightly belong to him, Bilbo gives away the stone away out of the goodness of his heart. Consequently, Bilbo has many justifications for presenting the Elvenking with the Arkenstone.Since Bilbo was so gracious for giving up the Arkenstone, no other character would have been able to do that achievement. One part that had an immense role is the Elvenking having trust in Bilbo. If a dwarf would have wanted to give the elves something, most likely, they would not have trusted the dwarf. This is because the dwarfs were the ones who were not giving them their share of the riches. Bilbo has and advantage for not being like the dwarfs. So, the elves had more assent in Bilbo for being a hobbit. Probably, the dwarfs would have been greedy and kept the Arkenstone for their own anyway. All they want is the riches, and they do not care about anyone but themselves. In fact, when they were in the tunnels with the goblins, the dwarfs did not even notice when Bilbo became lost, and they were about to go on without him. Also, they always relied on Bilbo to get them out of trouble.

Blade Runner Changed My Life Essay -- Personal Narrative essay about m

Blade Runner Changed my Life Sitting in the New Yorker Theater on 88th street and Broadway, having been intrigued and fascinated by the long-running previews, I saw Blade Runner for the first time. I was just out of eighth grade, about to move on to high school, and trying to piss on to a middle-school friendship with a girl named Angela. Wed met to see Ridley Scotts new movie with Harrison Ford. Earlier in the summer, Id seen 70mm booming previews in the giant Loews Theaters around Manhattan. My full point was still filled with dark-skied images of a dark urban future mixed with muted 1940s radio music. Harrison Ford was a hard-boiled detective in an ever-raining city, dwarfed by several-hundred-story spacescrapers and color TV billboards, with musical accompaniment by the Ink Spots. I thought the film was quite a failure. There were several voiceovers and explanations in duologue that insulted the viewers intelligence, and a few last-minute, fear-driven decisions to lighten the touch and the message of the story. Visually, it was a masterpiece, but I would non have been drawn back to the film by its cinematography alone. Although my grades at the time were still in their pre-highschool mediocrity, and I had only just started that year to read books for pleasure, I was beginning to fancy myself a young keen of sorts. Id grown up assuming my family had money and was just keeping it from me. I had only ever had one torn blazer to wear to school with my pliant clip-on tie and sneakers, but how many kids have the good fortune to attend private school in the first place? I resented not having the money for better clothes, but didnt imagine I was poor. The five dollars I could never get f... .... The voice-overs and last-minute explanations Ive come to ignore, and I watch the film with a nostalgic fondness and respect. Its strongest effect upon me was certainly philosophical, but I can see other influences as well. My general aesthetic is high-tech, d ark and ominous. Ive come to think of the anachronistic, multi-cultural and sensuous, post-Information Age world of Ridley Scott and Cyberpunk as a rich playground for the imagination. Granted, this may all seem old-hat and backwards to my 21st-century students when I finally incur a professor in a liberal philosophy department somewhere, but Ill keep my finger on the pulse of future philosophy and questions of take care and sentience, long after the science fiction scenarios of my youth have either become the familiar background of a new generation or the misanthropical prophecy of a past century.