Battle Analysis for Bull Run free essay sample

The battle itself was fought on July 21st, 1861, though the Union Army began executing its movements to Virginia almost a week prior. The Civil War divided the states in simple terms of a Union north and a Confederate south, with a couple undecided states in the middle. The President of the Union was Abraham Lincoln and the Confederate President was Jefferson Davis. Months prior to Bull Run President Lincoln had appointed Brigadier General Irwin McDowell to command the Army of Northeastern Virginia. McDowell was a Mexican-American War veteran and West Point graduate. The commander of the Confederate Army of the Potomac was Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard, who was dubbed â€Å"The Hero of Sumter. † He was also commended for valor in the Mexican-American war and like McDowell, a graduate of West Point. The two were classmates at one point. Only months after the start of the war at Fort Sumter, the Northern public pressed to march and capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, which could bring an early end to the war. We will write a custom essay sample on Battle Analysis for Bull Run or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Against his better judgment, BG McDowell yielded to the political pressure and on July 16, 1861, the general departed Washington with the largest field army yet gathered on the North American continent. The Confederates found themselves at a disadvantage in mass initially, and BG McDowell wanted to keep that advantage. He ordered Union MG Robert Pattersons Army to engage BG Joseph Johnstons Army in the Shenandoah Valley, about 50 miles northwest of Manassas. The Union objective was to overwhelm the Confederate forces with a distraction flank attack to the right and a swift surprise flank to the left. With the reinforcements choked off, BG McDowell’s ambitious plan would put his Army in the Confederate capital by the end of the day. The Confederates, however, had been planning to attack the Union left, and if the attack had gone as planned it might have led to a clockwise rotation of the forces. Hundreds of excited spectators in horse-drawn carriages flocked from Washington D. C. to Manassas to watch what they thought to be a speedy Union Army defeat the Confederacy. Both the spectators and the Union Army would leave Bull Run in a hectic retreat back to Washington D. C. Each force had two Armies, one to the east and one to the west. For the Union, BG McDowell commanded the 36,000 Army of Northeastern Virginia Union troops in the east. MG Patterson commanded the 18,000 troops in the west. Within BG McDowell’s Army of five divisions there were several elements that consisted of: The 11th, 13th, 14th, 38th, and 69th New York, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Maine, the 1st Minnesota, the 5th and 11th Massachusetts, the 1st Michigan, the 1st Vermont, the 2nd Wisconsin, with Griffin and Ricketts Artillery Brigades. BG Beauregard’s Confederate Army of the Potomac consisted of 21,000 troops in the east. BG Johnston’s four Brigades of 12,800 troops were in the Shenandoah Valley to the west and were critical reinforcements. BG Beauregard’s force of six Brigades consisted of: The 2nd, 4th, 5th, 8th, 18th, 27th, 33rd, and 49th Virginia, the Hampton Legion, the 6th North Carolina, the 7th Georgia, the 4th Alabama, Stuart’s Calvary, Elzey Regiment, Early Regiment, and the 7th and 8th South Carolina. The weapon technology used was fairly similar for both sides. Both the Union and Confederate Army relied on simple single-shot Pattern 1853 Enfield Muskets for their infantrymen. The revolvers used by the Union were mainly the new Colt Army Model 1860, and the Confederates preferred the older Colt 1851 Navy Revolver. A variety of bayonets were also an integral part of the infantrymans gear. Typically, these were socket or ring bayonets, intended to be attached to the end of the musket or rifle, and not wielded separately like a knife. The Confederate Calvary would also employ a Sabre, which was a long, lightweight single-edged slashing sword. Field Artillery also played an important role for both sides. The Union used 10-30 pound Parrott Rifles, 12 pound Napoleon smoothbores, 12 pound Howitzers, and 13 pound James Rifles. The Confederates had 6 pound guns, 6 pound rifles, 12 pound Howitzer, 10 pound Parrott Rifles, and 6 pound Cadet Guns. Both Generals had planned offensives. Much of the intelligence was concentrated on reporting the mass of the opposing forces rather than each other’s strategy. BG McDowell wanted a concentrated attack on the Confederate left flank, while BG Beauregard had planned to strike the Union left flank. From Washington D. C. the Union troops had marched southwest into Virginia, and it was at Centreville on July 20th, that BG McDowell decided to rest his weary, overheated troops and concentrate his forces. The same day, BG Johnston’s troops to the west in the Shenandoah Valley received word of the Union advances and they immediate slipped away to reinforce BG Beauregard. He never met MG Patterson’s forces. An hour after BG Johnston’s departure, MG Patterson wired BG McDowell saying he had managed to keep BG Johnston’s Army in the Shenandoah. Shortly after entering Centreville on the 20th, BG Tyler would disobey his orders and send his troops to attack the Confederate front along Bull Run. The attack was easily repulsed. With the Confederate troops dug in across the bank of Bull Run, and the majority of BG Beauregard’s force were behind them. The Union troops marched from Centreville at 0230 on July 21st. BG Tyler was ordered to initiate a diversion to the northwest at Stony Bridge at 0600. The diversion was quickly crushed by COL Evan’s Confederate forces and the feign fails. At 0830 the bayonets of McDowell’s flanking troops were spotted by one of COL Evan’s soldiers and he was warned of the Union plan to flank him. BG McDowell’s troops continued on to the left down bad roads, which would destroy his timeframe to ford Bull Run at Sudley Springs. COL Heinzelman’s Union division also missed the trail at Poplar Ford, and they were forced to stack up behind COL Hunter’s division also fording at Sudley Springs, further downstream. They arrived there at 0930, hours behind schedule.

Assess individual in health care Essays

Assess individual in health care Essays Assess individual in health care Paper Assess individual in health care Paper UNIT 18 1. 1 Compare and contrast the range and purpose of different forms of assessment. Prior to moving into an organisation all individuals are assessed as are the care providers to ensure that placements can meet and preferences of the individuals. The organisation conducts independent assessments by a qualified key member of the team to assess the needs and preferences of the individual to ensure that the organisation have the facilities and resources to cater for them. The key areas for assessments for needs and preferences would be: EMOTIONAL PHYSICAL SOCIAL LEISURE Key professionals then hold a Care Planning Assessment (CPA) meeting along the individual to discuss the outcomes of assessments. Active support is provided holistically within a role package for all individuals for all aspects of living. This is implemented through means of care plans and structured weekly planners. Before an individual is identified as needing specialist care and support, they must undergo a series of assessments. These assessments may not diagnose  a learning disability, but they do decide whether the individual will receive social care. This explains the types of assessment an individual may undergo, including: Official process or corporate screening procedures Clinical assessments Behavioural assessments Holistic assessments Person Centred Planning (PCP) Comprehensive assessments and care plans Prev Page Next Page View as single page Search TOPICS IN THIS DOCUMENT Assessment, Health care, Healthcare, Management, Nursing care plan, Risk, Risk assessment, Risk management RELATED DOCUMENTS Health care ? 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How the Dalai Lama is Found Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How the Dalai Lama is Found - Essay Example He says that only Dalai Lama himself can tell about his future reincarnation and that no one else should try to manipulate people or abuse the system (Lama, 2010). All these events raise people’s curiosity about the way in which a Dalai Lama is ‘found’ and enthroned. The curiosity is also flamed by movies such as Little Buddha starring Keanu Reeves. The film revolves around the same concept and shows the spiritual master reincarnating as one soul in three different bodies (Smith, 100). Many critics who question the very concept of reincarnation question the validity of such traditions. But this concept has mass acceptance in the Indian sub-continent and Tibet. Tibetans believe that their Dalai Lamas are reincarnations of Avalokiteshvara, the personification of Compassion, who is also the patron saint of Tibet. According to the traditional Tibetan beliefs, Avalokiteshvara reincarnates repeatedly on this earth to serve humanity and hence for this mission he postpones his own nirvana. Dalai Lama, literally meaning ‘The Ocean of Wisdom’, was a title that was given by Mongolian king Altan Khan to the third head of Tibetan Buddhism. Since then it became a tradition to address the head of Tibet as Dalai Lama (Byrant, 94). There are many other traditions and the most important one is that of finding the reincarnated Dalai Lama. There is no one fixed method of finding Dalai Lama. Various methods have come into existence with the passing time. There have been many Dalai Lamas who have successfully predicted the place and time of their birth. On the other occasions prospective reincarnation’s identification of the belonging of his past life is a major signal of him being a Dalai Lama. This method was also used in finding the current Dalai Lama. The process of identification is not limited to the dead Dalai Lama and the prospective reincarnation. There is other

Commentary Essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Commentary Assignment - Essay Example It is believed that cannabis was used during religious ceremonials of the early ethnic groups of people. Shamans and sacerdotes in the ancient times used cannabis to become more religiously enlighted. Cannabis has an effect on the mind and body senses of a person who uses it. Most general and comfortable way to use cannabis is to smoke its dry leaves like tobacco. Cannabis is usually smoked with pipe, hookah, bong or joints (small hand rolling cigars). Usually person who smoke cannabis appear to feel euphory, think in a more philosophical and self-insight way. Individual under the influence of cannabis also has a more receptive feelings especially towards perception of information and food or drinks. If person for example likes music then his listening to the favourite song before smoking cannabis and after will be different. Food seems more pleasant as well as all other kinds of nice things like hot shower, sexual intercourse, reading a book, watching a movie etc. Cannabis influence brain directity and hit receptors which influence emotional, psychic and behavioural condition of an individual. All desirable effects of cannabis like euphoria, sense of pleasentness, more perceptive feelings and other dissappear within a couple of hours after cannabis was used. Though it is a light drug and if talking medically in fact not even a drug it has some bad effects. These bad effect are usually of a long term and depend on the regularity of smoking cannabis and the amount of product smoked. Among negative long-term effects are loss of concentration, clow reaction, sleepliness, inactivity and passive reaction towards the irritants of the environment. However this negative effects do not have somehow significantly negative influence and they appear only if cannabis is used too regularly and in a huge portions. It is also clinically proved that without further using of cannabis such negative effects vanish with no trace of

Rappaccinis Daughter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rappaccinis Daughter - Essay Example Furthermore it is observed that generally women are physically weaker than men that has led to an imbalance in power throughout the history of mankind, this can also be seen in â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter† and the control of her father over her. As Homas and Zaitzow also state that, â€Å"men and women are socialized from birth into gender-specific roles based on social definitions of masculinity and femininity†¦women are expected to be weak, dependent, passive, emotional, noncompetitive and subservient† (184). A similar behavior is also observed towards Beatrice as well throughout the course of the story may it be in Beatrice’s relationship with her Giovanni or her father or her suffering because of Baglioni’s poison. Throughout the story Rappaccini treats her daughter as his property or better yet as a specimen for his experiments. Moreover according to Baglioni Rappaccini, Cares infinitely more for science than for mankind. His patients are interesting to him only as subjects for some new experiment. He would sacrifice human life, his own among the rest, or whatever else was dearest to him, for the sake of adding so much as a grain of mustard seed to the great heap of his accumulated knowledge (). These lines aptly illustrates Rappaccini’s obsession with his experiments and hints on the fact that her daughter might be a part of his experiments which is later confirmed in the story. If the reasons for such manipulation are delved deeper, then the readers infer that since no one could question him for his actions in those times because daughters were considered as the responsibility of their fathers hence that gave him the right to decide her fate and he got away with his machinations. This also explains Rappaccini’s actions of choosing Giovanni as his future son-in-law as well as a new experiment because he thought he was making the best decision for his daughter. As the girl states, â€Å"But my father,- -he has united us in this fearful sympathy† (). Then again it is also interesting to note the manner in which the women of those times were brought up i.e. they were taught to be docile and made the sacrificing souls for all times. As it is also apparent from the lines when she says, â€Å"Yes; spurn me, tread upon me, kill me! Oh, what is death after such words as thine† (). Although she realizes it was her father’s Machiavellian plotting that has poisoned Giovanni for life yet she asks for death rather than either confronting her father or letting Giovanni confront him. Moreover the title of the story also suggests the nameless existence of the daughter who is known as Rappaccini’s daughter rather than being given a name. This anonymity in the title also symbolizes the mind set of that society where women were properties who were owned rather than individuals. Moreover it is interesting to note that there is a constant power struggle going on between Rap paccini and Baglioni as well as Rappaccini and Giovanni while their pawn in this game of power struggle is Beatrice. As it is observed that in the former’s case Baglioni suggests to use the antidote to save Beatrice without her consent and although it is not actually stated in the story yet the readers can infer that one of the reasons that Baglioni interferes is that he wants to unveil Rappaccini’s practice and assure that his position as a professor is secure. As it is mentioned in the text that he says, â€Å"Rappaccini is said to have instructed her deeply in his science, and that, young and beautiful as fame reports her, she is already qualified to fill a professor's chair. Perchance her father destines her for mine!†

Marketing Plan Oberoi Hotels In Mumbai

Marketing Plan Oberoi Hotels In Mumbai A luxury 5-star business hotel, The Oberoi, New Delhi provides over 250 rooms and suites. It features the best of restaurants, a well-equipped business center and a rejuvenating spa experience. In addition the dedicated service makes the hotel popular with business and leisure travelers. Bearing a blend of traditional and colonial style, the rooms are done up with traditional Indian art and handicrafts and also appointments from Europe. The hotel has taken care to ensure there is no compromise on luxury, so a perfect balance of modern luxury and traditional charm has been achieved. Regally appointed baths and specially prepared toiletries add well to the luxuries offered. Guests can choose rooms with different views, the most popular being pool-view or golf course-view rooms. Amongst the most luxurious, the Kohinoor suite is the most luxurious. The Oberoi offers perfect rejuvenating experiences for the guests. A 9000 square area of the hotel dedicates itself to make you feel relaxed and get rejuvenated. The Oberoi Spa features a therapy suite, an Ayurveda therapy room and a hydrotherapy room for Vichy shower. For those who love to take laps, the hotel has temperature controlled outdoor swimming pool which allows you to swim in all seasons. Designed to suit the needs of the class business travelers, the hotel is well-appointed with all requirements for the same. It offers to guests conference rooms with a capacity to accommodate around 300 people, business centers with all modern facilities and other business facilities. Company Overview The Oberoi, Mumbai Located in the citys prime business and shopping district of Nariman Point, The Oberoi, Mumbai has been completely redesigned to be the ultimate destination for contemporary style and luxury in the city. Overlooking the Arabian Sea, the hotel welcomes you with space and serenity. Luxuriously appointed guestrooms have been meticulously planned with a host of innovative features using the latest technology. The Oberoi, Mumbai is located on Marine Drive, the famed boulevard along the coast in South Mumbai. An hours drive from the airport and only minutes away from the business, financial and entertainment districts, the hotel is also well located to visit the citys tourist attractions. The hotel offers a rich variety of dining experiences ranging from an all day dining restaurant serving global cuisine, to an Italian Restaurant and a signature Indian restaurant under the direction of a Michelin starred chef. An ideal location for business meetings and conferences in Mumbai, venues range from private meeting rooms at the 24-hours Business Centre to the conference rooms on the top floor of the hotel offering sweeping views of the Arabian Sea. Recreational facilities include an outdoor heated swimming pool, a fitness centre and a full service Oberoi Spa. The Spa and the Fitness Centre are open 24 hours. Complemented by Oberoi Hotels legendary service delivered by caring staff, The Oberoi, Mumbai is the ideal hotel for discerning business and leisure travellers. http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Oberoi-Hotel,-New-DelhiBlending-Business-With-Pleasureid=2320861 Our brands: Business Hotels The Oberoi, Calcutta The Oberoi, Mumbai The Oberoi, New Delhi Leisure Hotels: The Oberoi sahl Hasheesh The Oberoi Rajvillas The Oberoi Madina Wildflower Hall, Simla Current Situation Macro Environment (PESTEL Analysis) Economical The economy of UK has been getting back to the normal position as there are significant amount of increase in the tourists visiting the major cities of London as well the rest of the United Kingdom and so with the migrants from different parts of the world for jobs which would thus lead to a overall increase in the economy of the UK. Initially there need to be a high investment in purchase of building up of the vessel which would be covered under the financial capabilities of the Intercontinental group of hotels as there has been a gradual stability and increase in the economy of the Intercontinental Group of Hotels InterContinental Hotels was the main talking point yesterday as London started the new year with a bounce. InterContinental climbed 6.3 per cent to 597Â ½p after a unit of Hong Leong, the Asian conglomerate that owns Thistle Hotels, declared a 3 per cent stake. As it has been seen that the due to the economy crisis of recession there were many job losses which has left out the skilled workers out and away from their jobs but as now clearing of the overall debts of all the world economy there has been a significant growth in the economic factors as well many job openings And as seen now there is an substantial increase in Tourism sector which would be quiet related to concept of hospitality on board of Intercontinental Blue Retreat and thus would be easier to find experienced labour http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/569a38fa-d937-11dd-ab5f-000077b07658.html Political In Britain there is new Liberal Democrats Government which will now bring on new rules and regulations on the have a change in taxation policy in correspondence to the present taxation policy on Britain The main focus of the government is to reduce the carbon credits by reducing the carbon emissions and such elements leading towards global warming. This means there will be an increase in the fuel costs by imposing taxes over it which will directly effect on the driving of the motor vessel of Intercontinental Blue Retreat which may have a long journeys of a week from Britain to Caribbean, Mexico, Bali, Dubai at initial and thus expanding with the themed holiday retreats so the taxation rates are the major concern in considerations with the fuel as well as the service taxation rates which are to be revised Socio Cultural Environment Since the time trend of cruise travel came into existence the cruise liners have been a status symbol for a frequent leisure traveller who had the power to spend high amount for his travel. It was only the upper class of the society who could have afforded to travel with leisure on board but since the concept of travel with leisure had been came into existence promoting varied tourist countries and attractions it has been quiet affordable for the working class and became a means of themed travels just instead of travel with leisure The average age of tourists travelling varies now from the young age group to the old age group varying from 15 55 for the purpose of visiting places over the world for holiday purpose Technological Factors The advancements in the cruise liners for facilitating the tourist with all the facilities throughout the journey. The major concerns in the cruise liners is the technologies to be used for waste management and water preservation and storage as well the oil or waste spills in the sea which are to be looked as major concerns.Some of the cruise liners are already implementing Water saving technologies are found throughout cruise ships, such as vacuumed toilets and low-flow faucet aerators on water outlets. In minimising emissions, is also looking at ways to reduce the amount of fuel used. As well as designing more fuel-efficient itineraries, the cruise line is pilot-testing a computer system that will make vessels more aerodynamic and lessen fuel consumption and have to further reduce sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions and particulate matter over the next decade in accordance with MARPOL Annex VI, revised in 2008, which relates to air pollution. Some cruise lines are already implementing scrubber technology on board their ships, a system in which the natural chemistry of seawater is used to scrub the sulphur out of a ships exhaust gases. These technologies are to be implemented and for which the budgeting will the looked over and thus new technologies will be adopted Environmental The cruise ships emit tons of sulphur emissions into the sea on a yearly average. The use of low sulphur-producing fuel which is the most popular means of reducing sulphur emissions in the cruise industry, also comes with some environmental consequences. The process of distilling crude oil to make the fuel leaves refineries with a type of waste fuel that is unusable and thus it leaves back a considerable amount of solid waste. Research is been carried out for viability of solar and wind turbine technology for ships and is set to release a sustainability report soon detailing more solutions for the future which will make the cruise liners eco friendly without disturbing the ecological balance and harming the environment. Legal The introduction of a new cruise liners should consider the various legal terms to be followed up which are imposed and regulated by the Cruise liner International Association (CLIA) along with the legal regulating bodies of the nations the laws and acts such as Design and Construction standards Cruise Vessel Safety and Security Act Sea Environmental law (solid waste/ Toxic / Ballast water / Air Pollution) Sexual assault on Cruise Act Log Book and Crime Reporting Crime Scene Preservation These all rules, regulations and acts are to be considered from formulation a vessel to the onboard safety and security of the consumer http://www.cruiselawnews.com/ Market Analysis According to the projected bar graph there seems to be a substantial increase in the cruise travellers within the coming two years and this would be a very good thing for the Intercontinental Blue Retreat The Cruising has become a major part of the tourism industry as well as for onboard hospitality accounting for with over 18 million passengers carried worldwide in 2010. The worlds largest cruise liner is Royal Caribbean which would be the major competitor for the Intercontinental Group. The industrys rapid growth has seen nine or more newly built ships catering to a North American clientele added every year since 2001, as well as others servicing European clientele. Smaller markets, such as the Asia-Pacific region, are generally serviced by older ships. These are displaced by new ships in the high growth areas. so the Intercontinental with its new vessel would initially grab on the European market and then with the themed holidays and thus moving towards the far east http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_ship Using Micheal Porters five force analysis model it will help us to classify the major five forces for the Intercontinental Blue Retreat Competitive Rivalry There is an existing high density of cruise liners along with a increase in 32 new vessels in the coming three years which will lead to increase in vessels and so creating a port reserving problems along with the shortage of ports for existing cruise vessels There has been a competitive rivalry between the major cruise liners in the past few decades in accordance with the on board services they offer to attract the customers along with the varied experiences for the cruisers to remember with Threat of New Entrants Though there are 11 new cruise vessels to be launched in 2011 there is a level of threat of entrants in luxury cruise market .The easiest way to enter the cruise industry appears to be via mergers, acquisitions, and takeovers. There are essentially three cruise market segments: contemporary, premium, and luxury. Along with these types of cruises comes varying levels of service and expertise. The high cost of training and maintaining exceptional employees for their shops, casinos, entertainment, hotel staff, world class chefs, and of course the maritime staff requires a parent company with vast financial resource. Therefore the threat of new entrants is substantial. As the similar marketing strategies can be applied over but the other large group of hotels Threat of Substitutes The cruise industry holds a unique position in that the threat of a substitution by another vacation activity by the current consumer market seems likely to be high with the pioneering cruise companies such as Royal Caribbean, Carnival in the cruise tourism. Family cruises are also growing in popularity. a cruise vacation is generally cheaper than a traditional vacation package. Many lines offer package airfare and cruise rates to their customers. An increasing number of lines are expanding their ports of call and destinations to please the demands of todays diverse cruise market. According to a survey 25 ships from major cruise lines from three more than last year is now carrying about 10% more passengers. All this means more choices for travellers. And thus increase in competition with the existing pioneering cruise companies and increasing a threat of substitution with Intercontinental Blue retreat Bargain Power of Suppliers A rise in fuel prices has been quite costly for the cruise industry, who are not only directly affected by fuel cost for running their own ships, but must raise ticket prices to cover the increase cost of flying due to high fuel prices and a hike in airfares. Quality, dependability on suppliers are vital in order to ensure repeat cruisers. If the food was good on the first cruise, consumers expect it to be up to par each time they cruise. This goes for advertising too. Carnival was the first cruise line to use television ads to promote itself. Travel services also play an important role in promoting and fulfilling cruise reservations. the bargain power of the suppliers in regards to fuel , food , supplies is likely to be high which needs an proper evaluation in accordance with the service contract for constant supply of the resources. Bargaining Power of Customers Cruise travellers have many different lines to choose from, each offering a slightly different variety of service on cruising. Most cruise lines target middle class travellers with the grand ocean liner experience. The first time travellers or cruisers are offered along in by moderately priced air and cruise package rates. Often one can buy a cruise vacation anywhere form $125-$250 per person, per night. Most hotel stays in major cities are more expensive per night, not including transportation as well as food. Along with low priced package rates, consumers are also demanding a unique vacation experience which would create a difference in their normal vacations . Now cruises appeal to a younger, hipper audience, and its easy to see why. Modern cruise ships are being more like floating resorts, offering everything from Casinos, spas and gyms to in-line skating and Rock-climbing walls. Cruising is the fastest-growing segment of the travel Ships also stop at more ports, with over 1,800 destinations worldwide to choose with. So does the bargain power of cruisers increase along with having wide options of cruise liners to choose from. Customer Analysis (current and targeted) There has been a rapid growth in number of UK cruise passengers travelling by cruise liners which have effectively been doubled in just eight years. The cruise report makes the prediction based on estimates by the UK Passenger Shipping Association that 1.35 million cruises were booked by UK residents last year, with a rise of 15% to 1.55 million predicted for this year. Now cruises are attracting to a younger, hipper audience, Modern cruise ships are being more like floating resorts, offering everything from Casinos, spas and gyms to in-line skating and Rock-climbing walls. Cruising is the fastest-growing segment of the travel Ships also stop at more ports, with over 1,800 destinations which would certainly lead to increase in the family travellers and young travellers which would create a trend for them to travel in luxury The base target of the Intercontinental group would be to create a difference on their cruise liners along with the generation trends. initially it will be launched starting the voyage from UK to Mexico, Caribbean Islands, and covering 1 voyage to Bali and Asian country parts. the motive would be to create a difference in hospitality as intercontinental is following the concept of making customer happy and to create great hotels guest love http://www.travelweekly.co.uk/Articles/2008/02/13/26646/uk-cruise-market-to-hit-two-million-passengers-by-2012.html Internal Environment The potentials of Intercontinental Blue Retreat Strengths: Good financial stability of the brand Customer loyalty Large database of Intercontinental customers Pioneers in Hospitality since long time Luxury Brand image along with all 9 brands of intercontinental group Assured clientele Weaknesses: Higher fixed cost Onboard service is labour intensive Seasonality of ship usage Weak environmental policies Long lead time for ship delivery before introduction in the market Competitive industry with other pioneering cruise liners High fuel and maintenance cost Opportunities: Expected 11 more ships in next four years Only 8 % have taken over in the tourism sector by cruise lines Ageing population wants relaxing vacations Multilingual staff for language efficiency which can be picked over within from the properties over the world ships for mergers or acquisitions from existing vessels due to brand power Threats: Maturing industry Overcapacity of vessels in the sea Rate of growth might slow down Expected growth of 6.3 % in coming year Tight regulations in voyage and cruise laws Other cruise companies to increase their vessels in next years by acquisitions Competitive advantage The aim is to build a sustainable competitive advantage could be achieved by Intercontinental Blue Retreat through the Intercontinental Hotels resorts groups economy and their pioneering performance in past few decades acquiring over 6 major brands within Brittan and world over . Possessing extensive knowledge of the UK market and existing extensive research into consumer behaviour they can offer a holistic service supported by the groups expertise in customer service. Intercontinental already has a guest loyalty card of which the regular guests or customers can avail of the discounted rates on the voyages or themed holidays with family and friends also can avail business facilitation with intercontinental business jets for conferencing. Intercontinental blue retreat would formulate a cruise theme trip along with the hotel stays at intercontinental resorts at varied location along with hampered gift packages for the loyal customers or frequent customers and offering business coaches for business class within the cruise and pioneering the cruise liners Mission Vision and core values of INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL GROUP Mission: To create great hotels guests love. Vision: To build the hotel industrys strongest operating system focused on the biggest markets and segments where scale really counts. Core Values: Do the right thing Show we care Aim higher Celebrate difference Work better together Mission Vision and Core values of INTERCONTINENTAL BLUE RETREAT Mission: To create best cruise guest would love. Vision: to build up the pioneering voyages with a great customer satisfaction maintaining the higher scales in the cruise tourism sector Core Values: Do the best for the guest Show the care through better service on board Be pioneers Work unitedly Create valuable difference Introduction of INTERCONTINENTAL BLUE RETREAT The cruise vessel of Intercontinental would be introduced in summer 2010 from south Hampton port of Great Britain and the first voyage would be with grand opening to Caribbean island. The vessel would be initially advertised with the in-house marketing from all the brands of intercontinental group and along with a in-house reservation desk in the lobby of every hotel as travel desks at the lobby which would help make aware the brand loyal guests with the pre launching of luxury cruise The Marketing Strategy (Marketing Mix) Product: The product being a service product it has to be generally promoted based on the brand image of the hotel so as to facilitate loyal customers with the efficient and luxurious on board service at the intercontinental Blue retreat Price: The price of the voyage would be as along with the luxury with an offered discounted rate to the loyalty card members of intercontinental group and along with a discounted rate for the first 200 reservation special family and themed packages with a special rated with over the chosen destination in accordance to promote the voyages Place: The cruise vessel of Intercontinental would be introduced in summer 2010 from south Hampton port of Great Britain and the first voyage would be with grand opening to Caribbean island. The vessel would be initially advertised with the in-house marketing from all the brands of intercontinental group and along with a in-house reservation desk in the lobby of every hotel Promotion: The promotions are to carried out at initially by in house promotions by in room pamphlets, advertisements on in room televisions and to the business class by a presentation of advertisement of launching and on a large scale by following Companys own Website Billboards Printed advertisements Direct Mail to business class Loyalty members offers Online media Sales promotions Sponsorship Type of Promotion Method Objective Companys own website Efficient, branded website with online booking facilities. And initial advertised page Provide info Enable online bookings Billboards .billboards at the major transport lines and tourist places along with the airport and stations Create awareness and promote the luxury voyage facilitated for the consumers Printed Advertisements Poster advertisements Ads in publications such as the travel and tourism magazine remind and retain customers about the brands new launch Direct Mail Letters, Pamphlets. Reaching business class segment efficiently Online Media Emails Banners Sponsored links marketing Social media websites comparison websitessites. Utilise the internet to reach as many targeted customers, efficiently as possible, to guide them directly to the online booking system and retain data of customers to avail them with promotions. Sales Promotions In-house promotional stands and desk prior the launch Inform about the luxurious service of the cruise Loyalty members offer Offer with special packages to loyalty card members To increase brand loyalty of customer Sponsor high end events Sponsor high end events with a handful budget. To get relation with the people in events and thus make brand promotions Marketing Strategy: Differentiation Strategy: Intercontinental Blue Retreat should make their cruises more unique and luxurious then other cruise lines making differentiation with the packages or the services provided on board by the pioneering brand in hospitality. Sample of Advertising Critical Reflection I am a graduate in hospitality and tourism management with a relevant experience of one year working with a 5 star property. I have learned marketing in my bachelors but havent related or do not have much relevant experience with the same. It had always seemed interesting subject according to me. Coming from a hospitality background, learning the marketing concepts in depth and relating them with the real world scenario has been a truly worth experience. I was also able to explore the creative side of me while designing of the advertisement which made me think of the several factors which should actually be taken into consideration. My expectation at the beginning of the module was to learn the basic concepts of marketing which are to be used on regular basis on and throughout marketing in any industry. But I have not only learned the core marketing theories but able to apply the theoretical concepts to practical. I feel confident now as i can take any product and formulate a descent marketing strategy. Following a video advert for the designed product line is a concept of learning the advertisement trends of marketing the new product which is quiet interesting. The assignments provided me a tremendous opportunity to apply the gained theoretical knowledge and bring into practice. I have always considered PESTEL analysis and marketing mix as the main tool to analyse a marketing strategy for any product. These both theories provide a concrete base for marketing any product. while designing the product line of my product it became quiet clear and concise to me how anyone can relate effectively use the 4 Ps of marketing mix considering not only the product and place as in usual rather then also looked over the price and promotion of the product which are of major considerations for any product. My concept of promotion of a product was only as advertisement but as i progressed through the coursework i found out that advertisement is just a basic tool of promotion. Whereas promotions can be done in varied different ways to promote the product in market. One of my biggest misconceptions about product placement was cleared in this assignment. I always used to consider the placement of product about an large scale in a hypermarket .as going through the product line of my new product of an chain of hotels to cruise liners was a huge and massive product for which the location on the right place at right time maters a lot as the cruise business is usually termed as seasonal PESTEL analysis helped me to look overall factors which would effect the new product in the existing competitive market. at initial the factors like political, social and environmental factors where not been of much importance in accordance to me but while going through the assignment i realised that these factors to play a major concern in case of INTERCONTINENTAL group of hotels launching a cruise liner. The environmental factors are of major consideration with the legal environmental laws for the cruise liners as to regulations of carbon emission and oil spillages of cruises are considered with different laws which are followed up by the companies Market analysis is an another vital tool to recognise and evaluate the market segmentation of an particular product in the market. as considering the marketing game which initially i found to be worthless. But it proved to be a very effective tool for evaluating the strategies to be applied in accordance to market situations. i always had it in my mind as a key assignment where i have learned to evaluate the market in accordance with the situation of the market and the requirements on the product in the sector. it also helped me to consider major budgeting factor as we in a group where provided with a fix budget. During designing of the product, I had to keep in the mind the existing product portfolio, and the brand image of the company. This was challenging as they act as few factors within which I had the design the product. Placing myself in the shoes of a marketing head, I had to keep in mind the overall marketing strategy of the company, where my product fits in to the plan and how it delivers value to the customers. How would my product differentiated from the other competitors in the market The consumer analysis in the coursework was one of key learning aspects to consider the consumer behaviour along with the consumer buying habits depending upon the several factors such as age, sex, culture, habits, psychology, needs and wants of a customer which helps in formulating a unique products which can be differentiated from the others thus creating a competitive advantage. The purchasing power of customers vary which makes it more difficult for pricing a product accordingly and also that means to me as a marketing person is that I need to keep in mind these various aspects while designing the marketing campaign. Therefore I felt, the customer profiling exercise is a great tool to understand and identify the target segment of the customers. This exercise has enabled and enhanced my understanding of marketing as a tool to figure out the right target segment for the right set of customers and the right campaign that will help promote/sell the product. It was great to know that the intercontinental group of hotels maintain a portfolio of regular and business class consumer as well the loyalty card members. They avail and provide their consumers with a global facilitation with the loyalty card with the all existing 7 brands over round the world. The porters five force analysis which considers the differential factors irrespective to any other theories has helped me through the assignment to consider the situational analysis of the product in the concurrent market as the factors considered such as competitive rivalry, threat of entrants, threat of substitutes are major concerns for the market situation analysis while the bargain power of consumers and suppliers where of not much importance to me unless i evaluated the assignment and came through the situations where such analysis are the major issued as for INTERCONTINENTAL cruise liners had to enter into new market there the supplies such as fuel, food and water suppliers are the major onboard requirements to be considered and suppliers bargain power has helped me to look-over evaluation of any supplier SWOT analysis was useful in clearly highlighting the strengths I can use to promote and position the product, looking to weaknesses how i can improve the defects on the company, opportunities and threats will help me to look on to futuristic considerations. The best thing about the SWOT analysis was that during the process of conducting SWOT for the pioneering brand of Intercontinental Hotels and resorts, I realised that it is a very effective tool to understand a companys position in the overall market. Realizing the benefits of a SWOT analysis I decided to conduct a SWOT analysis on myself. This was even more insightful to me. It clearly helped me understand how I can improve myself professionally and personally. Considering my strengths weaknesses and improve myself After going through the assignment it reminds me of the question which was once asked to us as in a practice session to debate on with Marketing is an art or a science? This now truly makes me feel that it cant be any single piece of the duo pair because the science of the theory is implemented and the form of marketing art helps to implement the science into practical. So it cannot be just the one part of instead both terms compliment each other. During the exercise I felt I have undergone a complete transformation in terms of

The Gaunilo Argument

To what extent does Gaunilo’s criticism of Anselm’s argument succeed in demonstrating that the argument fails? Gaunilo, a Benedictine monk and contemporary of St Anselm was the first to raise objections to Anselm’s idea that God exists by definition, claiming within â€Å"On behalf of the Fool† that Anselm’s argument was not logical and needed to be discredited. Gaunilo famously claimed that Anselm’s conclusion that the non-existence of God is â€Å"unintelligible† cannot show that God necessarily exists.Firstly, Gaunilo argued that the â€Å"fool† character featured in Psalm 53:1 may have been referring not only to God but to any number of other things that do not exist in reality. Gaunilo utilizes the example of someone hearing about a person from gossip; he suggested that the gossip was unreliable and the person and event were made up to trick you. As an idea later developed by Middle Age philosophers who believed you cannot prove from what is said (de dicto) what exists in reality (de re), Gaunilo argued that you cannot define the concept of â€Å"God† into existence.The most famous argument posed by Gaunilo was that of a perfect island which can replace the idea of God in the Ontological argument. Gaunilo argued that anyone can think of the most perfect paradise island for the notion of â€Å"the most perfect island† exists as a concept in our understanding. Gaunilo developed his argument by employing Anselm’s logic to say that for such an island to exist in our minds means that this is inferior to the same island existing in reality. The island must therefore exist in reality as it cannot possess the inferiority that comes from it being only a concept if it is to be â€Å"the most perfect island†.While the most perfect island can be conceived of, this does not mean it exists; we cannot bring something into existence just be defining it as superlative. Furthermore, Gaunilo concluded that Anselm cannot demonstrate that the idea of God as the greatest possible being means that God exists in reality. â€Å"When someone tells me there is such an island, I easily understand what is being said†¦however, he does on to say†¦this island†¦actually exists somewhere in reality†¦I would think he were joking†. John Hick 1990) Despite the blatant credibility of this argument recognized by Anselm who went on to including it in later versions of his own book, Anslem was able to respond to the argument using the claim that God’s existence is necessary. Anslem argued that though Gaunilo was right in the case of the island, the same objections were not valid when the ontological argument was used of God, because the island has contingent existence, whereas God’s existence is necessary.The ontological argument remains credible, Anselm argued, because it applies only to God who exists necessarily and uniquely. Within his â€Å"Libe r Apologeticus Contra Guanilonem†, Anselm rejects Gaunilo’s argument that the island’s existence can be proved from the idea of it alone for the island is not a thing which can be conceived not to exist. Moreover, philosopher Alvin Plantinga suggested that Anselm could also argue that there is no â€Å"intrinsic maximum† to the qualities of scenery that the Gaunilo’s island could have; however great an island is, there could always be one better.Further discrediting the argument posed by Gaunilo, both St Thomas Aquinas and Kant have posed more successful and valid arguments in response to Anselm’s ontological argument. St Thomas Aquinas, unlike Gaunilo, seeks to undermine Anselm’s â€Å"faith seeking understanding† as he was firmly convinced of the existence of God himself. Aquinas rejected the claim that the existence of God is self-evident; human beings cannot fully understand the nature of God, thus â€Å"God exists† i s not an analytic statement.Although we are able to approach an understanding of God, God will always remain unknowable to the finite human mind; â€Å"now because we do not know the essence of God, the proposition is not self-evident to us, but needs to be demonstrated by things that are more known to us† (Summa Theologiae, 1a). Aquinas used the example of the existence of truth to support his argument, suggesting that no one would be able to accept the truth of the statement â€Å"truth does not exist† unless truth actually existed.Though it is impossible to have a mental concept of the non-existence of truth, it is not a contradiction to have a mental concept of the non-existence of God, because people are able to, including the fool who says â€Å"there is no God†. Kant’s argument in opposition to Anslem’s ontological argument stands as more credible than that posed by Gaunilo as it successfully reputed the argument, diminishing the extent to w hich the ontological argument is arguably still valid. Kant argued that â€Å"existence is not a predicate† for it does not tell us anything about that object that would help us to identify it in any way.When we are thinking of God we are thinking of a concept and whether this concept is actualized cannot be resolved simply be adding â€Å"existence† to the different predicates ascribing to the concept. Though the argument could be responded to with the knowledge that whilst everything exists contingently, God exists necessarily and this necessary existence can only be a predicate of God, a sceptic could easily counter this argument by pointing out the circular nature of the ontological argument for we must accept that God exists necessarily in order to come to the conclusion that God exists necessarily.Though Gaunilo’s argument still holds some value as it could be employed by an atheist to support their opposition to the theory, the ease by which Anselm was ab le to counter the argument limits its success in demonstrating the failure of the ontological argument. Later arguments posed by Aquinas and Kant further limit the extent to which Gaunilo’s argument is still credible as they offer more successful and more widely accepted oppositions to the ontological argument, posing questions which could not be so easily countered by a response from Anselm. Beth Albuery